AIX Version 4.3 General Programming Concepts: Writing and Debugging Programs

<BODY BGCOLOR="FCFBF0"> <CENTER> <FONT COLOR="#A62A2A" SIZE="+2"> </FONT> </CENTER> <HR> <H1><a href="edition.htm#A3D60C85534janb">First Edition (October 1997)</a></H1> <H1><a href="trademar.htm#A207F15b">Trademarks and Acknowledgements</a></H1> <H1><a href="atb.htm#A395CD77170vang">About This Book</a></H1> <H1><a href="toolsuti.htm#reS100prio">Chapter 1. Tools and Utilities</a></H1> <H1><a href="curses.htm#A277A9e8">Chapter 2. The Curses Library</a></H1> <H2><a href="initcurs.htm#A51C21875">Initializing Curses</a></H2> <H2><a href="windowsc.htm#A51C21888">Windows in the Curses Environment</a></H2> <H2><a href="manipwin.htm#uLxti23bmary">Manipulating Window Data with Curses</a></H2> <H2><a href="controlc.htm#A51C218a3">Controlling the Cursor with Curses</a></H2> <H2><a href="manipcha.htm#A55C21a5f">Manipulating Characters with Curses</a></H2> <H2><a href="understa.htm#A55C21c8e">Understanding Terminals with Curses</a></H2> <H2><a href="workingw.htm#dldsibmary">Working with Color</a></H2> <H2><a href="manipvid.htm#A51C218cd">Manipulating Video Attributes</a></H2> <H2><a href="manipsof.htm#D722C05325mela">Manipulating Soft Labels</a></H2> <H2><a href="obsolete.htm#A55C21b83">Obsolete Curses Subroutines</a></H2> <H2><a href="cursesco.htm#Gudsi3aamary">AIX Version 3.2 Curses Compatibility</a></H2> <H2><a href="lscurses.htm#A51C2196d">List of Curses Subroutines</a></H2> <H1><a href="debugpro.htm#Lp220josh">Chapter 3. Debugging Programs</a></H1> <H2><a href="adbdebug.htm#A25E76B3907soni">adb Debug Program Overview</a></H2> <H2><a href="adbdebuh.htm#KKgjosh">Getting Started with the adb Debug Program</a></H2> <H2><a href="controlp.htm#BLg180josh">Controlling Program Execution</a></H2> <H2><a href="usingadb.htm#NNg240josh">Using adb Expressions</a></H2> <H2><a href="customad.htm#A9Og40josh">Customizing the adb Debug Program</a></H2> <H2><a href="computin.htm#Xy510josh">Computing Numbers and Displaying Text</a></H2> <H2><a href="displaym.htm#qLg1a0josh">Displaying and Manipulating the Source File with the adb Program</a></H2> <H2><a href="adbdebud.htm">adb Debug Program Reference Information</a></H2> <H2><a href="adbie.htm#d231d0josh">Example adb Program: adbsamp</a></H2> <H2><a href="adbie2.htm#jN3200josh">Example adb Program: adbsamp2</a></H2> <H2><a href="adbie3.htm#UZ320josh">Example adb Program: adbsamp3</a></H2> <H2>Example of Directory and i-node Dumps in adb Debugging</a></H2> <H2><a href="formatti.htm#PCh220josh">Example of Data Formatting in adb Debugging</a></H2> <H2><a href="ietracin.htm#dBh240josh">Example of Tracing Multiple Functions in adb Debugging</a></H2> <H2><a href="dbxsymbo.htm#A30099cc">dbx Symbolic Debug Program Overview</a></H2> <H2><a href="usingdbx.htm#A3009519">Using the dbx Debug Program</a></H2> <H2><a href="displayd.htm#A3009596">Displaying and Manipulating the Source File with the dbx debug Program</a></H2> <H2><a href="examinin.htm#dN2Fj154shar">Examining Program Data</a></H2> <H2><a href="dbxdebug.htm#A300963c">Debugging at the Machine Level with dbx</a></H2> <H2><a href="dbxcusto.htm#nr2Fj118shar">Customizing the dbx Debugging Environment</a></H2> <H2><a href="lsdbxsub.htm#A9D88DC4288doug">List of dbx Subcommands</a></H2> <H1><a href="errornot.htm#A395CDFA744vang">Chapter 4. Error Notification</a></H1> <H1><a href="filesysd.htm#FVowf292judy">Chapter 5. File Systems and Directories</a></H1> <H2><a href="ftypes.htm#Dez5g3b4judy">File Types</a></H2> <H2><a href="dirs.htm#l5Wwfd4judy">Directories</a></H2> <H2>Working with JFS i-nodes</a></H2> <H2><a href="filespac.htm#pBpwf1fcjudy">File Space Allocation</a></H2> <H2><a href="prglrgfi.htm#A288FA5D972soni">Writing Programs Which Access Large Files</a></H2> <H2><a href="links4pr.htm#A9F5FC04282judy">Linking for Programmers</a></H2> <H2><a href="fdescrip.htm#vVnxfc2judy">Using File Descriptors</a></H2> <H2><a href="filecrea.htm#Qcjyfcjudy">File Creation and Removal</a></H2> <H2><a href="fileio.htm#pg5zf301judy">Working with File I/O</a></H2> <H2><a href="fstatus.htm#Yejyf299judy">File Status</a></H2> <H2><a href="fileacce.htm#Afjyfb0judy">File Accessibility</a></H2> <H2><a href="fsyslayo.htm#A6Epwf362judy">File System Layout</a></H2> <H2><a href="createfs.htm#PiBEg2bajudy">Creating New File System Types</a></H2> <H2><a href="majorctr.htm#jb58F014">Major Control Block Header Files</a></H2> <H2>Related Information</a></H2> <H1>Chapter 6. Floating-Point Exceptions</a></H1> <H1><a href="iohandli.htm#A9E740A1626cand">Chapter 7. Input and Output Handling</a></H1> <H1><a href="lrgprgsu.htm#A179C11c5d">Chapter 8. Large Program Support</a></H1> <H1><a href="parallel.htm">Chapter 9. Parallel Programming</a></H1> <H2><a href="understb.htm">Understanding Threads</a></H2> <H2><a href="threadsp.htm">Thread Programming Concepts</a></H2> <H2><a href="writingr.htm">Writing Reentrant and Thread-Safe Code</a></H2> <H2>Developing Multi-Threaded Programs</a></H2> <H2><a href="benefits.htm#D3A4479921manu">Benefits of Threads</a></H2> <H1><a href="prgmulti.htm">Chapter 10. Programming on Multiprocessor Systems</a></H1> <H2><a href="idingpro.htm">Identifying Processors</a></H2> <H2><a href="ctrlproc.htm">Controlling Processor Use</a></H2> <H2><a href="createlo.htm">Creating Locking Services</a></H2> <H2><a href="kernprg.htm#BCuJj1ddmanu">Kernel Programming</a></H2> <H1><a href="threadsq.htm#D3A448D963manu">Chapter 11. Threads Programming Guidelines</a></H1> <H2><a href="threadsb.htm">Threads Basic Operation Overview</a></H2> <H2><a href="createth.htm">Creating Threads</a></H2> <H2><a href="termthre.htm">Terminating Threads</a></H2> <H2><a href="lsthread.htm">List of Threads Basic Operation Subroutines</a></H2> <H2><a href="syncover.htm">Synchronization Overview</a></H2> <H2><a href="mutexes.htm">Using Mutexes</a></H2> <H2><a href="conditio.htm">Using Condition Variables</a></H2> <H2><a href="jointhre.htm">Joining Threads</a></H2> <H2><a href="lssynchr.htm">List of Synchronization Subroutines</a></H2> <H2><a href="schedove.htm">Scheduling Overview</a></H2> <H2><a href="threadss.htm">Threads Scheduling</a></H2> <H2><a href="syncsche.htm">Synchronization Scheduling</a></H2> <H2><a href="lsscheds.htm">List of Scheduling Subroutines</a></H2> <H2><a href="threadsa.htm">Threads Advanced Features</a></H2> <H2><a href="1timeini.htm#D3A44A9848manu">One-Time Initializations</a></H2> <H2><a href="threadsr.htm">Thread-Specific Data</a></H2> <H2><a href="advanced.htm#D3A44AA027manu">Advanced Attributes</a></H2> <H2><a href="complexs.htm">Making Complex Synchronization Objects</a></H2> <H2><a href="lstreada.htm">List of Threads Advanced-Feature Subroutines</a></H2> <H2><a href="threadpr.htm">Threads-Processes Interactions Overview</a></H2> <H2><a href="signalmg.htm">Signal Management</a></H2> <H2><a href="procdupl.htm">Process Duplication and Termination</a></H2> <H2><a href="scheduli.htm">Scheduling</a></H2> <H2><a href="threadps.htm">List of Threads-Processes Interactions Subroutines</a></H2> <H2><a href="threadli.htm">Threads Library Options</a></H2> <H2><a href="threadqu.htm">Threads Library Quick Reference</a></H2> <H2><a href="threadqu.htm">Supported Interfaces</a></H2> <H1><a href="lexyaccp.htm#D722D3E759mela">Chapter 12. lex and yacc Program Information</a></H1> <H2><a href="createin.htm#A282962f">Creating an Input Language with the lex and yacc Commands</a></H2> <H2><a href="usinglex.htm#BDk11b0gaco">Using the lex Program with the yacc Program</a></H2> <H2><a href="ieprog4l.htm#QJ11e0gaco">Example Program for the lex and yacc Programs</a></H2> <H1><a href="logicalv.htm#A29694d0">Chapter 13. Logical Volume Programming</a></H1> <H2><a href="logicalw.htm#A19F08e2">Logical Volume Program Example</a></H2> <H2><a href="lslogica.htm#A10F02fb">List of Logical Volume Subroutines</a></H2> <H1><a href="make.htm#A2250shad">Chapter 14. make Command Overview</a></H1> <H1><a href="m4macro.htm#A292960">Chapter 15. m4 Macro Processor Overview</a></H1> <H1><a href="nls.htm#A2919f7">Chapter 16. National Language Support</a></H1> <H2><a href="localeov.htm#sKM7130bob">Locale Overview for Programming</a></H2> <H2><a href="nlssubr.htm#olk21c0bob">National Language Support Subroutines Overview</a></H2> <H2><a href="localesu.htm#A142C198">Locale Subroutines</a></H2> <H2><a href="timeform.htm#xSimj11cmela">Time Formatting Subroutines</a></H2> <H2><a href="monetary.htm#xZ6ejdmela">Monetary Formatting Subroutines</a></H2> <H2>Multibyte and Wide Character Subroutines</a></H2> <H2><a href="internat.htm#iVYaj2e8mela">Internationalized Regular Expression Subroutines</a></H2> <H2><a href="layoutov.htm#A4OpDk22amela">Layout (Bidirectional Text and Character Shaping) Overview</a></H2> <H2><a href="libcurpk.htm#dfmfj13bmela">Use of the libcur Package</a></H2> <H2><a href="codeseto.htm#A163C116e3">Code Set Overview</a></H2> <H2><a href="convertp.htm#A171C184">Converters Overview for Programming</a></H2> <H2><a href="writingc.htm#Uzmfj3admela">Writing Converters Using the iconv Interface</a></H2> <H2><a href="inputmet.htm#A8F046">Input Method Overview</a></H2> <H2><a href="prginput.htm#A165C110">Programming Input Methods</a></H2> <H2><a href="keyboard.htm#A165C13e">Working with Keyboard Mapping</a></H2> <H2><a href="usingcal.htm#A176C1ef">Using Callbacks</a></H2> <H2><a href="bidirect.htm">Bidirectional Input Method</a></H2> <H2><a href="cyrillic.htm">Cyrillic Input Method (CIM)</a></H2> <H2><a href="greek.htm#A1139F3554howa">Greek Input Method (GIM)</a></H2> <H2><a href="japanese.htm#A198C1275">Japanese Input Method (JIM)</a></H2> <H2><a href="korean.htm#A9C79007124howa">Korean Input Method (KIM)</a></H2> <H2><a href="latvian.htm#A288D60E101soni">Latvian Input Method (LVIM)</a></H2> <H2><a href="lithuani.htm#A288D610115soni">Lithuanian Input Method (LTIM)</a></H2> <H2><a href="thai.htm">Thai Input Method (THIM)</a></H2> <H2><a href="vietname.htm">Vietnamese Input Method (VNIM)</a></H2> <H2><a href="chinesez.htm#tGXQl168joyc">Simplified Chinese Input Method (ZIM)</a></H2> <H2>Simplified Chinese Input Method (ZIM-UCS)</a></H2> <H2><a href="singleby.htm#YHXQl29cjoyc">Single-Byte Input Method</a></H2> <H2><a href="chineset.htm#A9C76FA4687howa">Traditional Chinese Input Method (TIM)</a></H2> <H2><a href="lsreserv.htm#A198C12cf">List of Reserved Keysyms</a></H2> <H2><a href="msgfacil.htm#A297977f">Message Facility Overview for Programming</a></H2> <H2>Culture-Specific Data Processing</a></H2> <H2><a href="nlsprg.htm#JvEYj23mela">NLS Sample Program</a></H2> <H2><a href="nlsref.htm#A9D0D4D6248howa">National Language Support (NLS) Quick Reference</a></H2> <H2><a href="relinfon.htm">Related Information</a></H2> <H2><a href="lsnlssub.htm">List of National Language Support Subroutines</a></H2> <H2><a href="lslocale.htm#A288D7E9366soni">List of Locale Subroutines</a></H2> <H2><a href="lstimemo.htm#A190C1229">List of Time and Monetary Formatting Subroutines</a></H2> <H2><a href="multibyt.htm#n3AWj159mela">Multibyte and Wide Character Subroutines</a></H2> <H2><a href="lswidech.htm#AzSK11b0bob">List of Wide Character Subroutines</a></H2> <H2><a href="lslibrsu.htm">List of Layout Library Subroutines</a></H2> <H2><a href="lsmsgsub.htm#MSK1170bob">List of Message Facility Subroutines</a></H2> <H2><a href="converte.htm#VXL1390bob">List of Converter Subroutines</a></H2> <H2><a href="lsinputs.htm#rRK170bob">List of Input Method Subroutines</a></H2> <H2><a href="lsregula.htm">List of Regular Expression Subroutines</a></H2> <H1><a href="odm.htm#A29F038e">Chapter 17. Object Data Manager (ODM)</a></H1> <H2><a href="odmcmdss.htm#A98C1235">List of ODM Commands and Subroutines</a></H2> <H2><a href="odmiecod.htm#A29F04ab">ODM Example Code and Output</a></H2> <H1><a href="sed.htm#C3A3B16753jbau">Chapter 18. sed Program Information</a></H1> <H2><a href="manipstr.htm#A3149514">Manipulating Strings with sed</a></H2> <H1><a href="sharedli.htm#A144C1694">Chapter 19. Shared Libraries and Shared Memory</a></H1> <H2><a href="sharedob.htm#VBQDn2e5stcl">Shared Objects and Runtime Linking</a></H2> <H2><a href="lazyload.htm#FWxQo88soni">Shared Libraries and Lazy Loading</a></H2> <H2><a href="createsh.htm#A144C1671">Creating a Shared Library</a></H2> <H2><a href="addresss.htm#A9CF64F8555sylv">Program Address Space Overview</a></H2> <H2><a href="understc.htm#A9CF660C951sylv">Understanding Memory Mapping</a></H2> <H2><a href="createma.htm#A9E5C1BC935sylv">Creating a Mapped Data File with the shmat Subroutine</a></H2> <H2><a href="creatcop.htm#A9E5C1D8864sylv">Creating a Copy-On-Write Mapped Data File with the shmat Subroutine</a></H2> <H2><a href="createsi.htm#A9E5C1EE419sylv">Creating a Shared Memory Segment with the shmat Subroutine</a></H2> <H2><a href="sysmemal.htm#A9E4A4C9921sylv">System Memory Allocation</a></H2> <H2><a href="pagingsp.htm#A9E4A864034sylv">Paging Space Programming Requirements</a></H2> <H2><a href="lsmemman.htm#A9FD6398242sylv">List of Memory Manipulation Services</a></H2> <H2><a href="lsmemmap.htm#A9FD6398699sylv">List of Memory Mapping Services</a></H2> <H1><a href="pkgingsw.htm#A289F1366">Chapter 20. Packaging Software for Installation</a></H1> <H1><a href="dss.htm#A091297150723">Chapter 21. AIX Documentation Search Service</a></H1> <H2><a href="dss.htm#Language">Language Support</a></H2> <H2><a href="dss.htm#Writing">HTML Document Writing Tips</a></H2> <H1><a href="swvpd.htm#A250B9a6b1">Chapter 22. Software Vital Product Data (SWVPD)</a></H1> <H1><a href="sccs.htm#A3209a9a">Chapter 23. Source Code Control System (SCCS)</a></H1> <H2><a href="workingx.htm#A106C19af">Working with SCCS Files</a></H2> <H2><a href="contoltr.htm#A106C19bd">Controlling and Tracking SCCS File Changes</a></H2> <H2><a href="sccsflag.htm#A106C1994">SCCS Flag and Parameter Conventions</a></H2> <H2><a href="createed.htm#A106C17de">Creating, Editing, and Updating an SCCS File</a></H2> <H2><a href="damageds.htm#A106C17ea">Detecting and Repairing Damaged SCCS Files</a></H2> <H2><a href="lssccscm.htm#A106C199a">List of SCCS Commands</a></H2> <H1><a href="subrprgs.htm#A10F0e2">Chapter 24. Subroutines, Example Programs, and Libraries</a></H1> <H2>128-Bit Long Double Floating-Point Data Type</a></H2> <H2><a href="charmani.htm#A10F0196">List of Character Manipulation Subroutines</a></H2> <H2><a href="lsexecut.htm#A312985d">List of Executable Program Creation Subroutines</a></H2> <H2><a href="filedirs.htm#A10F0292">List of Files and Directories Subroutines</a></H2> <H2><a href="lsfortra.htm#A10F0357">List of FORTRAN BLAS Level 1: Vector-Vector Subroutines </a></H2> <H2><a href="fortranb.htm#A10F0369">List of FORTRAN BLAS Level 2: Matrix-Vector Subroutines</a></H2> <H2><a href="fortranc.htm#A10F0383">List of FORTRAN BLAS Level 3: Matrix-Matrix Subroutines</a></H2> <H2><a href="lsnumeri.htm#A10F0220">List of Numerical Manipulation Subroutines</a></H2> <H2><a href="integers.htm">List of Long Long Integer Numerical Manipulation Subroutines</a></H2> <H2><a href="ls128bit.htm#CE7AE91757raga">List of 128-Bit Long Double Numerical Manipulation Subroutines</a></H2> <H2><a href="lsproces.htm#A36DQf3c2sall">List of Processes Subroutines</a></H2> <H2>List of Multi-threaded Programming Subroutines</a></H2> <H2><a href="lsprgmer.htm#A10F0319">List of Programmer's Workbench Library Subroutines</a></H2> <H2><a href="lssecaud.htm#Lwurf19cjeff">List of Security and Auditing Subroutines</a></H2> <H2><a href="lsstring.htm#A10F0141">List of String Manipulation Subroutines</a></H2> <H2><a href="prgie4ma.htm#A45F014dc">Programming Example for Manipulating Characters</a></H2> <H2><a href="srchsort.htm#A17F0112">Searching and Sorting Example Program</a></H2> <H2><a href="lsopersy.htm#A57F023">List of Operating System Libraries</a></H2> <H2><a href="librs2a.htm#C3307A3543jbau">librs2.a Library</a></H2> <H1><a href="smit.htm#A28595">Chapter 25. System Management Interface Tool (SMIT)</a></H1> <H2><a href="smitscre.htm#A29F0256">SMIT Screen Types</a></H2> <H2><a href="smitobje.htm#A74F018d">SMIT Object Classes</a></H2> <H2><a href="smitfast.htm#A9CE2ACC813kmar">SMIT Aliases and Fast Paths</a></H2> <H2><a href="smitdesc.htm#jEapfc7kmar">SMIT Information Command Descriptors</a></H2> <H2><a href="smitcmdg.htm#A1Ddrf1d1kmar">SMIT Command Generation and Execution</a></H2> <H2><a href="smitaddi.htm#A52F07d">Adding Tasks to the SMIT Database</a></H2> <H2><a href="smitdebu.htm#UUT30prio">Debugging SMIT Database Extensions</a></H2> <H2><a href="smithelp.htm#A45C2160f">Creating SMIT Help Information for a New Task</a></H2> <H2><a href="smmenuop.htm#A285922">sm_menu_opt (SMIT Menu) Object Class</a></H2> <H2><a href="smnamehd.htm#A9CE3444174kmar">sm_name_hdr (SMIT Selector Header) Object Class</a></H2> <H2><a href="smcmdopt.htm#Ceapf38akmar">sm_cmd_opt (SMIT Dialog/Selector Command Option) Object Class</a></H2> <H2><a href="smcmdhdr.htm#dVcpf38ckmar">sm_cmd_hdr (SMIT Dialog Header) Object Class</a></H2> <H2><a href="smitie.htm#A198F01">SMIT Example Program</a></H2> <H1><a href="src.htm#A64C22882">Chapter 26. System Resource Controller</a></H1> <H2><a href="srcobjec.htm#A64C228ad">SRC Objects</a></H2> <H2><a href="srccommt.htm#A64C228e9">SRC Communication Types</a></H2> <H2><a href="srcprgsu.htm#A64C2290f">Programming Subsystem Communication with the SRC</a></H2> <H2><a href="srcdefin.htm#A64C22976">Defining Your Subsystem to the SRC</a></H2> <H2><a href="srcobjed.htm#A9F57D8B365sylv">List of SRC Object-Definition Commands</a></H2> <H2><a href="srcsubr.htm#A305990d">List of SRC Subroutines</a></H2> <H1><a href="tracefac.htm#YG3100thri">Chapter 27. Trace Facility</a></H1> <H2>Trace Hook IDs: 001 through 10A</a></H2> <H2>Trace Hook IDs: 10B through 14E</a></H2> <H2>Trace Hook IDs: 152 through 19C</a></H2> <H2>Trace Hook IDs: 1A4 through 1BF</a></H2> <H2>Trace Hook IDs: 1C8 through 1CE</a></H2> <H2>Trace Hook IDs: 1CF through 211</a></H2> <H2>Trace Hook IDs: 212 through 220</a></H2> <H2>Trace Hook IDs: 221 through 223</a></H2> <H2>Trace Hook IDs: 224 through 226</a></H2> <H2>Trace Hook IDs: 230 through 233</a></H2> <H2>Trace Hook IDs: 240 through 252</a></H2> <H2>Trace Hook IDs: 253 through 25A </a></H2> <H2>Trace Hook IDs: 271 through 280 </a></H2> <H2>Trace Hook IDs: 301 through 315</a></H2> <H2><a href="thid402.htm">Trace Hook IDs: 402</a></H2> <H2><a href="thid403.htm">Trace Hook IDs: 403</a></H2> <H2><a href="thid404.htm">Trace Hook IDs: 404</a></H2> <H2><a href="thid405.htm">Trace Hook IDs: 405</a></H2> <H2><a href="thid406.htm">Trace Hook IDs: 406</a></H2> <H2><a href="thid407.htm">Trace Hook IDs: 407</a></H2> <H2><a href="thid408.htm">Trace Hook IDs: 408</a></H2> <H2><a href="thid409.htm">Trace Hook IDs: 409</a></H2> <H2>Trace Hook IDs: 411 through 418</a></H2> <H2>Trace Hook IDs: 460 through 46E</a></H2> <H1><a href="ttysys.htm#A337F9470">Chapter 28. TTY Subsystem</a></H1> <H2><a href="ttyrev.htm">TTY Revision History</a></H2> <H2><a href="ldterm.htm">Line Discipline Module (ldterm)</a></H2> <H2><a href="convertf.htm">Converter Modules</a></H2> <H2><a href="ttydrive.htm">TTY Drivers</a></H2> <H1><a href="highrest.htm#E5BC27D355joyc"> Chapter 29. High-Resolution Time Measurements Using PowerPC Time Base or POWER Real-Time Clock</a></H1> <H1><a href="loaderdo.htm#F6626B1907joyc">Chapter 30. Loader Domains</a></H1> <H1><a href="powermgm.htm#F66268D120joyc">Chapter 31. Power Management-Aware Application Program</a></H1>