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System Management Concepts: Operating System and Devices

Table of Contents

About This Book

  • Who Should Use This Book
  • How to Use This Book
  • Highlighting
  • ISO 9000
  • Related Publications
  • Trademarks

    • Chapter 1. System Management

  • The System Administrator's Objectives
  • A System Is More Than a Computer
  • Unique Aspects of System Management
  • Available Interfaces
  • Unique Features of the Operating System
  • Logical Volume Manager
  • System Resource Controller
  • Object Data Manager
  • Software Vital Product Data
  • Workload Manager (WLM)
  • man Command
  • Operating System Updates

    • Chapter 2. Starting and Stopping the System

  • Starting the System
  • Booting the System
  • Creating Boot Images
  • Identifying and Changing the System Run Level
  • Understanding the Boot Process
  • Understanding System Boot Processing
  • ROS Kernel Init Phase
  • Base Device Configuration Phase
  • System Boot Phase
  • Understanding the Service Boot Process
  • Understanding the RAM File System
  • Understanding the Shutdown Process
  • System Hang Detection

    • Chapter 3. Security

  • Security Administration
  • Aspects of Computer Security
  • User Administration
  • User Account Control
  • Identification and Authentication
  • Configuring Password Restrictions
  • Recommended, Default, and Maximum Password Attribute Values
  • Extending Password Restrictions
  • Login User IDs
  • System Security Guidelines
  • Basic Security
  • User Accounts
  • File Ownership and User Groups
  • Groups
  • File System Security
  • Root Access
  • PATH Environment Variable
  • Advanced Security
  • Accounting
  • Auditing
  • Trusted Computing Base (TCB)
  • Administrative Roles
  • Networks and Communications Security
  • Trusted Computing Base Overview
  • tcbck Checking Programs
  • TCB Checking Programs
  • Secure System Installation and Update
  • Guidelines for Ownership and Modes for Files
  • Configuration Files
  • Device Special Files
  • Trusted Communication Path
  • Trusted Command Interpreter
  • Pluggable Authentication Module (PAM) Overview
  • PAM Terminology
  • Administering a PAM Framework
  • PAM Library
  • PAM Modules
  • PAM Configuration File
  • Configuring PAM
  • Disabling the ~/.rhosts Entries
  • Adding the DCE PAM Module
  • Changing /etc/pam.conf
  • Adding a Module
  • Initiating Error Reporting
  • Auditing Overview
  • Event Detection
  • Information Collection
  • Information Processing
  • Event Selection
  • Configuration
  • Information Collection
  • Audit Logging
  • Audit Record Format
  • Logger Configuration
  • Event Selection
  • Kernel Audit Trail Modes
  • PKCS #11 Overview
  • LDAP Exploitation of the Security Subsystem
  • Setting Up an LDAP Security Information Server
  • Setting Up an LDAP Client
  • LDAP User Management
  • LDAP Security Information Server Auditing

    • Chapter 4. Administrative Roles

  • Roles Overview
  • Understanding Authorizations

    • Chapter 5. Disk Quota System

  • Disk Quota System Overview
  • Understanding the Disk Quota System
  • Recovering from Over-Quota Conditions
  • Implementing the Disk Quota System

    • Chapter 6. Logical Volumes

  • Logical Volume Storage Overview
  • Logical Volume Storage Concepts
  • Physical Volumes
  • Volume Groups
  • Physical Partitions
  • Logical Volumes
  • Logical Partitions
  • File Systems
  • Limitations for Logical Storage Management
  • Logical Volume Manager
  • Quorum Concepts
  • Vary-On Process
  • Quorum
  • Forcibly Varying On
  • Nonquorum Volume Groups
  • Developing a Volume Group Strategy
  • Prerequisites
  • When to Create Separate Volume Groups
  • High Availability in Case of Disk Failure
  • High Availability in Case of Adapter or Power Supply Failure
  • Deciding on the Size of Physical Partitions
  • Developing a Logical Volume Strategy
  • Prerequisites
  • Analyzing Needs for Performance and Availability
  • Determining Scheduling Policy for Mirrored Writes to Disk
  • Determine Mirror Write Consistency (MWC) Policy for a Logical Volume
  • Choosing an Inter-Disk Allocation Policy for Your System
  • Inter-Disk Settings for a Single Copy of the Logical Volume
  • Inter-Disk Settings for Logical Volume Copies
  • Choosing an Intra-Disk Allocation Policy for Each Logical Volume
  • Combining Allocation Policies
  • Using Map Files for Precise Allocation
  • Developing a Striped Logical Volume Strategy
  • Determining a Write-Verify Policy
  • Implementing Volume Group Policies
  • Logical Volume Manager Limitation Warnings

    • Chapter 7. File Systems

  • File Systems Overview
  • File System Types
  • Journaled File System
  • Enhanced Journaled File System
  • Network File System
  • CD-ROM File System
  • File System Commands
  • File System Management Tasks
  • Understanding the File Tree
  • Understanding the Root File System
  • Understanding the /usr File System
  • Symbolic Links to the /var Directory
  • Symbolic Links to the /usr/share and /usr/lib Directory
  • Understanding the /usr/share Directory
  • Understanding the /var File System
  • Understanding the /export Directory
  • Understanding Data Compression
  • Data Compression Implementation
  • Implicit Behavior
  • Specifying Compression
  • Identifying Data Compression
  • Compatibility and Migration
  • Backup and Restore
  • Compression Algorithm
  • Performance Costs
  • Understanding Fragments and a Variable Number of I-Nodes
  • Disk Utilization
  • Optimizing Disk Utilization
  • Fragments
  • Variable Number of I-Nodes
  • Specifying Fragment Size and NBPI
  • Identifying Fragment Size and NBPI
  • Compatibility and Migration
  • File System Images
  • Backup and Restore
  • Device Driver Limitations
  • Performance Costs
  • Increased Allocation Activity
  • Free Space Fragmentation
  • Increased Fragment Allocation Map Size
  • Understanding Journaled File System Size Limitations
  • Number of I-nodes
  • Allocation Group Size
  • File System Fragment Addressability
  • Journaled File System Log Size Issues
  • Maximum Journaled File System Size
  • Understanding Large Files
  • Create File Systems Enabled for Large Files
  • Large File Geometry
  • Free Space Fragmentation
  • Zeroing kproc for Large Allocations
  • Understanding Sparse Files
  • Enhanced Journaled File System
  • Understanding File System Block Size
  • Variable Number of I-nodes for Enhanced Journaled File System
  • Specifying File System Block Size
  • Identifying File System Block Size
  • Compatibility and Migration
  • Device Driver Limitations
  • Performance Costs
  • Increased Allocation Activity
  • Increased Block Allocation Map Size
  • Understanding Enhanced Journaled File System Size Limitations
  • Enhanced Journaled File System Log Size Issues
  • Mounting Overview
  • Understanding Mount Points
  • Mounting File Systems, Directories, and Files
  • Controlling Automatic Mounts
  • Understanding Mount Security for Diskless Workstations
  • Diskless Mounts
  • Securing Diskless Mounts
  • Exporting the /export/root Directory
  • Exporting the /export/exec Directory
  • Exporting the /export/share Directory
  • Exporting the /export/home Directory
  • Exporting the /export/dump Directory
  • Exporting the /export/swap Directory

    • Chapter 8. Paging Space and Virtual Memory

  • Paging Space Overview
  • Understanding Paging Space Allocation Policies
  • Paging Space Considerations
  • Comparing Late and Early Paging Space Allocation
  • Setting the PSALLOC Environment Variable for Early Allocation Mode
  • Early Allocation Mode Considerations
  • Programming Interface
  • Managing Paging Spaces
  • Virtual Memory Manager (VMM) Overview

    • Chapter 9. Backup and Restore

  • Backup Overview
  • Backup Methods
  • Deciding on a Backup Policy
  • Understanding Backup Media
  • Restoring Data
  • Developing a Backup Strategy
  • File System Structure
  • System Data Versus User Data
  • Backing Up
  • Replicating a System (Cloning)
  • Backing Up User Files or File Systems
  • Backing Up the System Image and User-Defined Volume Groups
  • Configuring before the Backup
  • Mounting and Unmounting File Systems
  • Security Considerations
  • Restoring a Backup Image

    • Chapter 10. System Environment

  • Profiles Overview
  • /etc/profile File
  • .profile File
  • List of Time Data Manipulation Services
  • Enabling Dynamic Processor Deallocation
  • Potential Impact to Applications
  • Processor Deallocation:
  • System Administration
  • Turning Processor Deallocation On and Off
  • Restarting an Aborted Processor Deallocation
  • Processor State Considerations
  • Error Log Entries

    • Chapter 11. National Language Support

  • National Language Support Overview
  • Localization of Information
  • Separation of Messages from Programs
  • Conversion between Code Sets
  • Locale Overview
  • Understanding Locale
  • Locale Naming Conventions
  • Installation Default Locale
  • Understanding Locale Categories
  • Understanding Locale Environment Variables
  • Understanding the Locale Definition Source File
  • Understanding the Character Set Description (charmap) Source File
  • Changing Your Locale
  • Changing the NLS Environment
  • Changing the Default Language Environment
  • Changing the Default Keyboard Mapping for the Next System Restart
  • Managing Fonts
  • Converting the Code Set of Message Catalogs
  • Converting the Code Set of Flat Text Files
  • Typical User Scenarios
  • Converters Overview
  • Converters Introduction
  • Standard Converters
  • Understanding iconv Libraries
  • Universal UCS Converter

    • Chapter 12. Process Management

    Chapter 13. Workload Management

  • WLM Concepts
  • Terminology
  • Classes
  • Process Assignment to Classes
  • Resource Control
  • Resource Entitlements
  • Setting Up WLM
  • Dynamic Control
  • Monitoring Tools
  • WLM API
  • Per Class Accounting
  • Overview of WLM Classes
  • Superclasses
  • Subclasses
  • Backward Compatibility
  • WLM Class Attributes
  • Tier Attribute
  • Inheritance Attribute
  • localshm Attribute
  • adminuser, admingroup Attributes
  • authuser, authgroup Attributes
  • Resource Set Attribute
  • Process to Class Assignment in WLM
  • Automatic Assignment
  • Classification Attributes
  • Example of Assignment Rules
  • Automatic Classification
  • Manual Assignment in WLM
  • Example 1: First Assignment of Processes
  • Example 2: Reassignment or Cancellation of Processes
  • Interactions with Class Inheritance
  • Security Considerations
  • Managing Resources with WLM
  • Resource Types
  • Target Shares
  • Minimum and Maximum Resource Limits
  • Backward Compatibility Considerations
  • Examples of WLM Classification and Limits
  • Example with CPU Limits
  • Example with Memory Limits
  • Setting Up WLM
  • Step 1: Design Your Classification
  • Step 2: Create the Superclasses and Assignment Rules
  • Step 3: Use WLM to Refine Your Class Definitions
  • Step 4: Gather Resource Utilization Data
  • Step 5: Start WLM
  • Step 6: Fine-Tune Your Configurations
  • Step 7: Create Other Configurations as Needed
  • Step 8: Specifying WLM Properties
  • WLM Application Programming Interface
  • Application Tag
  • Class Management APIs
  • WLM Statistics API
  • WLM classification API
  • Binary Compatibility

    • Chapter 14. System Resource Controller and Subsystems

  • System Resource Controller Overview
  • Subsystem Components
  • Subsystem Group
  • Subserver
  • SRC Hierarchy
  • List of SRC Administration Commands

    • Chapter 15. System Accounting

  • Accounting Overview
  • Collecting and Reporting System Data
  • Collecting Accounting Data
  • Connect-Time Accounting
  • Process Accounting
  • Disk-Usage Accounting
  • Printer-Usage Accounting
  • Fee Accounting
  • Reporting Accounting Data
  • Connect-Time Reports
  • Process Accounting Reports
  • Disk-Usage Accounting Report
  • Printer-Usage Accounting Report
  • Fee Accounting Report
  • Daily Reports
  • Monthly Report
  • Accounting Commands
  • Commands That Run Automatically
  • Keyboard Commands
  • Accounting Files
  • Data Files
  • Report and Summary Files
  • runacct Command Files
  • Files in the /var/adm/acct/nite Directory
  • Files in the /var/adm/acct/sum Directory
  • Files in the /var/adm/acct/fiscal Directory
  • Accounting File Formats

    • Chapter 16. Web-based System Manager

    Chapter 17. System Management Interface Tool

  • System Management Interface Tool (SMIT) Overview

    • Chapter 18. The Common Desktop Environment

    Chapter 19. Documentation Library Service

    Chapter 20. Power Management

  • Power Management Limitation Warnings

    • Chapter 21. Devices

  • Device Nodes
  • Device Classes
  • Device Configuration Database
  • Device States
  • Device Management
  • Location Codes
  • Adapter Location Codes
  • Printer and Plotter Location Codes
  • tty Location Codes
  • SCSI Device Location Codes
  • Direct-Bus-Attached Disk Location Codes
  • Serial-Linked Disk Location Codes
  • Diskette Drive Location Codes
  • Dials/LPFKeys Location Codes
  • Multiprotocol Port Location Codes
  • PCI Hot Plug Management
  • Overview
  • Adding a PCI Hot Plug Adapter
  • Removing a PCI Hot Plug Adapter
  • Replacing a PCI Hot Plug Adapter
  • Resource Utilization
  • Unconfiguring a Device from the System
  • Unconfiguring Communications Adapters

    • Chapter 22. Tape Drives

  • Tape Drive Attributes
  • General Information about Each Attribute
  • Block Size
  • Device Buffers
  • Extended File Marks
  • Retension
  • Density Setting #1, and Density Setting #2
  • Reserve Support
  • Variable Length Block Size
  • Data Compression
  • Autoloader
  • Retry Delay
  • Read/Write Timeout
  • Return Error on Tape Change
  • Attributes for 2.0 GB 4 mm Tape Drives (Type 4mm2gb)
  • Block Size
  • Device Buffers
  • Attributes with Fixed Values
  • Attributes for 4.0 GB 4 mm Tape Drives (Type 4mm4gb)
  • Block Size
  • Device Buffers
  • Density Setting #1 and Density Setting #2
  • Data Compression
  • Attributes with Fixed Values
  • Attributes for 2.3 GB 8 mm Tape Drives (Type 8mm)
  • Block Size
  • Device Buffers
  • Extended File Marks
  • Attributes with Fixed Values
  • Attributes for 5.0GB 8mm Tape Drives (Type 8mm5gb)
  • Block Size
  • Device Buffers
  • Extended File Marks
  • Density Setting #1 and Density Setting #2
  • Data Compression
  • Attributes with Fixed Values
  • Attributes for 20000 MB 8 mm Tape Drives (Self Configuring)
  • Block Size
  • Device Buffers
  • Extended File Marks
  • Density Setting #1 and Density Setting #2
  • Data Compression
  • Attributes with Fixed Values
  • Attributes for 35 GB Tape Drives (Type 35gb)
  • Block Size
  • Device Buffers
  • Extended File Marks
  • Density Setting #1 and Density Setting #2
  • Data Compression
  • Attributes with Fixed Values
  • Attributes for 150 MB 1/4-Inch Tape Drives (Type 150mb)
  • Block Size
  • Device Buffers
  • Extended File Marks
  • Retension
  • Density Setting #1 and Density Setting #2
  • Attributes with Fixed Values
  • Attributes for 525 MB 1/4-Inch Tape Drives (Type 525mb)
  • Block Size
  • Device Buffers
  • Extended File Marks
  • Retension
  • Density Setting #1 and Density Setting #2
  • Attributes with Fixed Values
  • Attributes for 1200 MB 1/4-Inch Tape Drives (Type 1200mb-c)
  • Block Size
  • Device Buffers
  • Extended File Marks
  • Retension
  • Density Setting #1 and Density Setting #2
  • Attributes with Fixed Values
  • Attributes for 12000 MB 4 mm Tape Drives (Self Configuring)
  • Block Size
  • Device Buffers
  • Extended File Marks
  • Density Setting #1 and Density Setting #2
  • Data Compression
  • Attributes with Fixed Values
  • Attributes for 13000 MB 1/4-Inch Tape Drives (Self configuring)
  • Block Size
  • Device Buffers
  • Extended File Marks
  • Retension
  • Density Setting #1 and Density Setting #2
  • Attributes with Fixed Values
  • Attributes for 1/2-Inch 9-Track Tape Drives (Type 9trk)
  • Block Size
  • Device Buffers
  • Density Setting #1 and Density Setting #2
  • Attributes with Fixed Values
  • Attributes for 3490e 1/2-Inch Cartridge (Type 3490e)
  • Block Size
  • Device Buffers
  • Compression
  • Autoloader
  • Attributes for Other SCSI Tapes (Type ost)
  • Block Size
  • Device Buffers
  • Extended File Marks
  • Density Setting #1 and Density Setting #2
  • Reserve Support
  • Variable Length Block Size
  • Retry Delay
  • Read/Write Timeout
  • Attributes with Fixed Values
  • Special Files for Tape Drives

    • Appendix A. Comparisons for BSD System Managers

  • Comparisions Between AIX and BSD for System Managers
  • Introduction to AIX for BSD System Managers
  • Major Differences between 4.3 BSD and this Operating System
  • Configuration Data Storage
  • Configuration Management
  • Disk Management
  • New Commands
  • Startup
  • User Authorization
  • Printing
  • Shells
  • Accounting for BSD 4.3 System Managers
  • Backup for BSD 4.3 System Managers
  • Non-IBM SCSI Tape Support
  • Startup for BSD 4.3 System Managers
  • Commands for System Administration for BSD 4.3 System Managers
  • Cron for BSD 4.3 System Managers
  • Devices for BSD 4.3 System Managers
  • File Comparison Table for 4.3 BSD, SVR4, and this Operating System
  • File Systems for BSD 4.3 System Managers
  • /etc/filesystems File and /etc/fstab File
  • File System Support on this operating system
  • Finding and Examining Files for BSD 4.3 System Managers
  • Paging Space for BSD 4.3 System Managers
  • Networking for BSD 4.3 System Managers
  • How to Change Default Startup to Permit 4.3 BSD ASCII Configuration
  • Additional Options for ifconfig and netstat Commands
  • Additional Network Management Commands
  • Name and Address Resolution
  • Differences between this operating system and 4.3 BSD
  • The tn3270 Command
  • Online Documentation and man Command for BSD 4.3 System Managers
  • NFS and NIS (formerly Yellow Pages) for BSD 4.3 System Managers
  • Passwords for BSD 4.3 System Managers
  • Setting a User Password
  • Importing a 4.3 BSD Password File
  • Editing the Password File
  • Performance Measurement and Tuning for BSD 4.3 System Managers
  • Printers for BSD 4.3 System Managers
  • Terminals for BSD 4.3 System Managers
  • termcap and terminfo
  • UUCP for BSD 4.3 System Managers

    • Appendix B. Notices

    Index

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