Technical Reference: Communications, Volume 2

recv Subroutine

Purpose

Receives messages from connected sockets.

Library

Standard C Library (libc.a)

Syntax

#include <sys/socket.h>

int recv (Socket, Buffer, Length, Flags) int Socket; void * Buffer; size_t Length; int Flags;

Description

The recv subroutine receives messages from a connected socket. The recvfrom and recvmsg subroutines receive messages from both connected and unconnected sockets. However, they are usually used for unconnected sockets only.

The recv subroutine returns the length of the message. If a message is too long to fit in the supplied buffer, excess bytes may be truncated depending on the type of socket that issued the message.

If no messages are available at the socket, the recv subroutine waits for a message to arrive, unless the socket is nonblocking. If a socket is nonblocking, the system returns an error.

Use the select subroutine to determine when more data arrives.

The socket applications can be compiled with COMPAT_43 defined. This will make the sockaddr structure BSD 4.3 compatible. For more details refer to socket.h.

Parameters

Socket	Specifies the socket descriptor.
Buffer	Specifies an address where the message should be placed.
Length	Specifies the size of the Buffer parameter.
Flags	Points to a value controlling the message reception. The /usr/include/sys/socket.h file defines the Flags parameter. The argument to receive a call is formed by logically ORing one or more of the following values: MSG_OOB Processes out-of-band data. The significance of out-of-band data is protocol-dependent. MSG_PEEK Peeks at incoming data. The data continues to be treated as unread and will be read by the next call to recv() or a similar function. MSG_WAITALL Requests that the function not return until the requested number of bytes have been read. The function can return fewer than the requested number of bytes only if a signal is caught, the connection is terminated, or an error is pending for the socket.

Return Values

Upon successful completion, the recv subroutine returns the length of the message in bytes.

If the recv subroutine is unsuccessful, the subroutine handler performs the following functions:

Returns a value of -1 to the calling program.
Returns a 0 if the connection disconnects.
Moves an error code, indicating the specific error, into the errno global variable.

Error Codes

The recv subroutine is unsuccessful if any of the following errors occurs:

Error	Description
EBADF	The Socket parameter is not valid.
ENOTSOCK	The Socket parameter refers to a file, not a socket.
EWOULDBLOCK	The socket is marked nonblocking, and no connections are present to be accepted.
EINTR	A signal interrupted the recv subroutine before any data was available.
EFAULT	The data was directed to be received into a nonexistent or protected part of the process address space. The Buffer parameter is not valid.

Related Information

The fgets subroutine, fputs subroutine, read subroutine, recvfrom subroutine, recvmsg subroutine, select subroutine, send subroutine, sendmsg subroutine, sendto subroutine, shutdown subroutine, socket subroutine, write subroutine.

Sockets Overview and Understanding Socket Data Transfer in AIX 5L Version 5.2 Communications Programming Concepts.