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Communications Programming Concepts

GDLC Interface ioctl Entry Point Operations

The generic data link control (GDLC) interface supports the following ioctl subroutine operations:

DLC_ENABLE_SAP Enables a service access point (SAP). See Service Access Points.
DLC_DISABLE_SAP Disables a SAP. See Service Access Points.
DLC_START_LS Starts a link station (LS) on a particular SAP as a caller or listener. See Link Stations.
DLC_HALT_LS Halts an LS. See Link Stations.
DLC_TRACE Traces a link station's activity for short or long activities. See Testing and Tracing Links.
DLC_CONTACT Contacts a remote station for a particular local link station.
DLC_TEST Tests the link to a remote for a particular local link station. Testing and Tracing Links.
DLC_ALTER Alters a link station's configuration parameters.
DLC_QUERY_SAP Queries statistics of a particular SAP.
DLC_QUERY_LS Queries statistics of a particular link station.
DLC_ENTER_LBUSY Enters local-busy mode on a particular link station. See Local-Busy Mode.
DLC_EXIT_LBUSY Exits local-busy mode on a particular link station. See Local-Busy Mode.
DLC_ENTER_SHOLD Enters short-hold mode on a particular link station. See Short-Hold Mode.
DLC_EXIT_SHOLD Exits short-hold mode on a particular link station. See Short-Hold Mode.
DLC_GET_EXCEP Returns asynchronous exception notifications to the application user.
Note
This ioctl subroutine operation is not used by the kernel user since all exception conditions are passed to the kernel user by way of their exception handler.
DLC_ADD_GRP Adds a group or multicast receive address to a port.
DLC_ADD_FUNC_ADDR Adds a group or multicast receive functional address to a port.
DLC_DEL_FUNC_ADDR Removes a group or multicast receive functional address from a port.
DLC_DEL_GRP Removes a group or multicast address from a port.
IOCINFO Returns a structure that describes the GDLC device manager. See the /usr/include/sys/devinfo.h file format for more information.

Service Access Points

A service access point (SAP) identifies a particular user service that sends and receives a specific class of data. This user service allows different classes of data to be routed separately to their corresponding service handlers. Those DLCs that support multiple concurrent SAPs have addresses known as destination SAP and source SAP embedded in their packet headers. DLCs that can only support a single SAP do not need or use SAP addressing, but still have the concept of enabling the one SAP. In general, SAP is enabled for each DLC user on each port.

Most SAP address values are defined by IEEE standardized network-management entities or user-defined values as specified in the Token-Ring Network Architecture Reference. Some of the common SAP addresses are:

null SAP (0x00) Provides some ability to respond to remote nodes even when no SAP has been enabled. This SAP supports only connectionless service and responds only to exchange identification (XID) and TEST Link Protocol Data Units (LPDU).
SNA path control (0x04) Denotes the default individual SAP address used by Systems Network Architecture (SNA) nodes.
PC network NETBIOS (0xF0) Used for all DLC communication that is driven by Network Basic I/O System (NetBIOS) emulation.
discovery SAP (0xFC) Used by the local area network (LAN) name-discovery services.
global SAP (0xFF) Identifies all active SAPs.
Note
See Request for Comment (RFC) 1060 for examples of IEEE 802 Local SAP values. RFCs are available from the Network Information Center at SRI International, Menlo Park, California.

Link Stations

A link station (LS) identifies an attachment between two nodes for a particular SAP pair. This attachment can operate as a connectionless service (datagram) or connection-oriented service (fully sequenced data transfer with error recovery). In general, one LS is started for each remote attachment.

Local-Busy Mode

When an LS operates in a connection-oriented mode, it needs to stop the remote station's sending of information packets for reasons such as resource outage. Notification can then be sent to the remote station to cause the local station to enter local-busy mode. Once resources are available, the local station notifies the remote that it is no longer busy and that information packets can flow again. Only sequenced information packets are halted with local-busy mode. All other types of data are unaffected.

Short-Hold Mode

Use the short-hold mode of operation when operating over data networks with the following characteristics:

During short-hold mode, an attachment between two stations is maintained only to transfer data available between the two stations. When no data is sent, the attachment is cleared after a specified time-out period and is only reestablished to transfer new data.

Testing and Tracing Links

To test an attachment between two stations, instruct an LS to send a test packet from the local station. This packet is echoed back from the remote station if the attachment is operating correctly.

Some data links are limited in their support of this function due to protocol constraints. Synchronous data link control (SDLC), for example, only generates the test packet from the host or primary station. Most other protocols, however, allow test packets to be initiated from either station.

To trace a link, line data and special events (such as station activation, termination, and time outs) can be logged in the generic trace facility for each LS. This function helps determine the cause of certain communications attachment problems. The GDLC user can select either short or long entries to be traced.

Short entries consist of up to 80 bytes of line data, while long entries allow full packets of data to be traced.

Tracing can be activated when an LS is started, or it can be dynamically activated or terminated at any time afterward.

Statistics

Both SAP and LS statistics can be queried by a GDLC user. The statistics for a SAP consist of the current SAP state and information about the device handler. LS statistics consist of the current station states and various reliability, availability, and serviceability counters that monitor the activity of the station from the time it is started.

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