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System Management Guide: Operating System and Devices


Recovering from Disk Drive Problems

This procedure describes how to recover or restore data in logical volumes if a disk drive is failing. Before proceeding with this procedure, you should try the procedure Migrating the Contents of a Physical Volume. That procedure is the preferred way to recover data from a failing disk.

Prerequisites


Figure basea4 not displayed.

Recovering a Disk Drive without Reformatting

If you fix the bad disk and place it back in the system without reformatting it, then you can simply let the system automatically activate and resynchronize the stale physical partitions on the drive at boot time. A stale physical partition is a physical partition that contains data you cannot use. To discover if a physical partition is stale, use the lspv -M command to display information about a physical volume. Stale physical partitions will be marked stale.

Recovering Using a Reformatted or Replacement Disk Drive

If you must reformat or replace the failing drive, remove all references to nonmirrored file systems from the failing disk and remove it from the volume group and system configuration before replacing it. If you do not do this, you create problems in the ODM and system configuration databases.

Before Removing the Failed Drive

  1. You should be familiar with which logical volumes are on the failing drive. To look at the contents of the failing drive, use one of the other drives. For example, use hdisk4 to look at hdisk3:

    lspv -M -n hdisk4 hdisk3
    

    The lspv command displays information about a physical volume within a volume group. The output might look something like the following:

    hdisk3:1        mylv:1
    hdisk3:2        mylv:2
    hdisk3:3        lv00:1
    hdisk3:4-50
    

    The first column displays the physical partitions and the second column displays the logical partitions. Partitions 4 through 50 are free.

  2. Back up all single-copy logical volumes on the failing device, if possible.
  3. If you have single-copy file systems, unmount them from the disk. Mirrored file systems do not have to be unmounted. Single-copy file systems are those that have the same number of logical partitions as physical partitions on the output from the lspv command. In the example scenario, lv00 on the failing disk hdisk3 is a single-copy file system. Type the command:

    unmount /Directory
    
  4. Remove all single-copy file systems from the failed physical volume by typing the rmfs command:

    rmfs /Directory
    
  5. Remove all mirrored logical volumes located on the failing disk by reducing the number of copies of the physical partitions to only those that are currently available. The rmlvcopy command removes copies from each logical partition. For example, type:

    rmlvcopy mylv 2 hdisk3
    

    By removing the copy on hdisk3, you reduce the number of copies of each logical partition belonging to the mylv logical volume from three to two (one on hdisk4 and one on hdisk2),

    Note: Do not use rmlvcopy on the hd5 and hd7 logical volumes from physical volumes in the rootvg volume group. The system does not allow you to remove these logical volumes because there is only one copy of these.
  6. Remove the primary dump device (logical volume hd7) if the failing physical volume was a part of the rootvg volume group that contained it. For example, type:

    sysdumpdev -P -p /dev/sysdumpnull
    

    The sysdumpdev command changes the primary or secondary dump device location for a running system. When you reboot, the dump device returns to its original location.

  7. Remove any paging spaces located on the disk using the rmps command. If you cannot remove paging spaces because they are currently in use, you must flag the paging space as not active and reboot before continuing with this procedure. If there are active paging spaces, the reducevg command might fail.
  8. Remove any other logical volumes, such as those with only one copy, using the rmlv command. For example, type:

    rmlv -f lv00
    

    The rmlv command removes a logical volume from a volume group.

  9. Reduce the size of the volume group by omitting the failed drive using the reducevg command. For example, type:

    reducevg -df myvg hdisk3
    

    This example reduces the size of the myvg volume group by omitting the hdisk3 drive.

    You can now power off the old drive using the SMIT fast path smit rmvdsk. Change the KEEP definition in database field to No. Power off the system and allow your next level of support to add the new or reformatted disk drive.

  10. Shut down the system, by typing:

    shutdown -F
    

    The shutdown command halts the operating system.

After Reformatting a Drive

Because the disk has been reformatted, the volume group defined in the disk is gone. If you have forgotten to or were unable to use the reducevg command on the disk from the old volume group before the disk was formatted, the following procedure can help clean up the VGDA/ODM information.

  1. If the volume group consisted of only one disk that was reformatted, type:

    exportvg VGName
    
  2. If the volume group consists of more than one disk, first run the command:

    varyonvg VGName
    
  3. You receive a message about a missing or unavailable disk, and the disk you have now reformatted is listed. Note the PVID of that disk, which is listed in the varyonvg message. It is the 16-character string between the name of the missing disk and the label PVNOTFND.

    hdiskX PVID PVNOTFND
    
  4. Type:

    varyonvg -f VGName
    

    The missing disk is now displayed with the PVREMOVED label.

    hdiskX PVID PVREMOVED
    
  5. Then, type the command:

    reducevg -df VGName PVID
    

Attention: The logical volumes defined on this missing disk is deleted from the ODM and VGDA areas of the remaining disks that make up the volume group VGName.

After Adding a Reformatted or Replacement Disk Drive

If you would prefer not to reboot the system after reformatting the disk drive, you must configure the disk and create the device entry, by typing:

cfgmgr
mkdev -1 hdisk3

If you want to reboot the system, this automatically configures the new drive. After rebooting, use the following procedure:

  1. List all the disks using the lsdev command. Then find the name of the disk you just attached. For example, type:

    lsdev -C -c disk
    

    In this example, the disk that was just attached is called by the same name as before (hdisk3).

  2. Make the disk available using the chdev command by typing:

    chdev -l hdisk3 -a pv=yes
    
  3. Add the new disk drive to the volume group using the extendvg command. For example, type:

    extendvg myvg hdisk3
    

    The extendvg command increases the size of the volume group by adding one or more physical volumes. This example adds the hdisk3 drive to the myvg volume group.

  4. Recreate the single-copy logical volumes on the disk drive you just attached using the mklv command. For example, type:

    mklv -y lv00 myvg 1 hdisk3
    

    This example recreates the lv00 logical volume on the hdisk3 drive. The 1 means that this logical volume is not mirrored.

  5. Recreate the file systems on the logical volume using the crfs command, by typing:

    crfs -v jfs -d LVname -m /Directory
    
  6. Restore single-copy file system data from backup media. See Restoring from Backup Image Individual User Files .
  7. Recreate the mirrored copies of logical volumes using the mklvcopy command. For example:

    mklvcopy mylv 3 hdisk3
    

    The mklvcopy command creates copies of data within a logical volume. This example creates a mirrored third partition (the mylv logical volume) onto hdisk3.

  8. Synchronize the new mirror with the data on the current mirrors (on hdisk2 and hdisk4):

    syncvg -p hdisk3
    

    The syncvg command synchronizes logical volume copies that are not current.

After performing this procedure, all mirrored file systems should be restored and up-to-date. If you were able to back up your single-copy file systems, they will also be ready to use. You should be able to proceed with normal system use.

Example of Recovery from a Failed Disk Drive

To recover from a failed disk drive, back out the way you came in; that is, list the steps you went through to create the volume group, and then go backwards. The following example is an illustration of this technique. It shows how a mirrored logical volume was created and then how it was altered, backing out one step at a time, when a disk failed.

Note: The following example of a specific instance and is given for illustration only. It is not intended as a general prototype on which to base any general recovery procedures.
  1. Create a volume group called workvg on hdisk1, by typing:

    mkvg -y workvg hdisk1
    
  2. Create two more disks for this volume group, by typing:

    extendvg workvg hdisk2
     
    extendvg workvg hdisk3
    
  3. Create a logical volume of 40 MB that has three copies. Each copy is on one of each of the three disks that comprise workvg. Type:

    mklv -y testlv workvg 10
     
    mklvcopy testlv 3
    

    Assume that hdisk2 fails.

  4. Reduce the number of mirrored copies for the logical volume from three to two, and inform the LVM that you are not counting on the copy on hdisk2 anymore. Type:

    rmlvcopy testlv 2 hdisk2
    
  5. Detach hdisk2 from the system in such a way that the ODM and VGDA are updated. Type:

    reducevg workvg hdisk2
    
  6. Communicate to the ODM and the disk driver that you are taking hdisk2 offline for replacement. Type:

    rmdev -l hdisk2 -d
    
  7. Shut down the system. Type:

    shutdown -F
    
  8. Put in a new disk. It might not have the same SCSI ID as the former hdisk2.
  9. Reboot the machine.

    Because you have a new disk (the system sees that there is a new PVID on this disk), the system chooses the first OPEN hdisk name. Because the -d flag was used in step 6, the name hdisk2 was released. Thus the configurator chooses hdisk2 for the name of the new disk. If the -d flag had not been used, hdisk4 would have been chosen as the new name.

  10. Add this disk into the workvg system, by typing

    extendvg workvg hdisk2
    
  11. Create two mirrored copies of the logical volume. The Logical Volume Manager automatically places the third logical volume copy on the new hdisk2. Type:

    mklvcopy testlv 3
    


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