System Management Concepts:
Operating System and Devices

Understanding System Boot Processing

Most users perform a hard disk boot when starting the system for general operations. The system finds all information necessary to the boot process on its disk drive.

When the system is started by turning on the power switch (a cold boot) or restarted with the reboot or shutdown commands (a warm boot), a number of events must occur before the system is ready for use. These events can be divided into the following phases:

1. Read Only Storage (ROS) Kernel Init Phase
2. Base Device Configuration Phase
3. Maintenance Boot Phase.

ROS Kernel Init Phase

The ROS kernel resides in firmware. Its initialization phase involves the following steps:

1. The firmware checks to see if there are any problems with the system motherboard. Control is passed to ROS, which performs a power-on self-test (POST).
2. The ROS initial program load (IPL) checks the user boot list, a list of available boot devices. This boot list can be altered to suit your requirements using the bootlist command. If the user boot list in non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM) is not valid or if a valid boot device is not found, the default boot list is then checked. In either case, the first valid boot device found in the boot list is used for system startup. If a valid user boot list exists in NVRAM, the devices in the list are checked in order. If no user boot list exists, all adapters and devices on the bus are checked. In either case, devices are checked in a continuous loop until a valid boot device is found for system startup.
   Note
   The system maintains a default boot list located in ROS and a user boot list stored in NVRAM, for a normal boot. Separate default and user boot lists are also maintained for booting from the Service key position.
3. When a valid boot device is found, the first record or program sector number (PSN) is checked. If it is a valid boot record, it is read into memory and is added to the IPL control block in memory. Included in the key boot record data are the starting location of the boot image on the boot device, the length of the boot image, and instructions on where to load the boot image in memory.
4. The boot image is read sequentially from the boot device into memory starting at the location specified in NVRAM. The disk boot image consists of the kernel, a RAM file system, and base customized device information.
5. Control is passed to the kernel, which begins system initialization.
6. The kernel runs init, which runs phase 1 of the rc.boot script.

When the kernel initialization phase is completed, base device configuration begins.

Base Device Configuration Phase

The init process starts the rc.boot script. Phase 1 of the rc.boot script performs the base device configuration, and it includes the following steps:

1. The boot script calls the restbase program to build the customized Object Data Manager (ODM) database in the RAM file system from the compressed customized data.
2. The boot script starts the configuration manager, which accesses phase 1 ODM configuration rules to configure the base devices.
3. The configuration manager starts the sys, bus, disk, SCSI, and the Logical Volume Manager (LVM) and rootvg volume group configuration methods.
4. The configuration methods load the device drivers, create special files, and update the customized data in the ODM database.

System Boot Phase

The System Boot Phase involved the following steps:

1. The init process starts phase 2 running of the rc.boot script. Phase 2 of rc.boot includes the following steps:
   1. Call the ipl_varyon program to vary on the rootvg volume group.
   2. Mount the hard disk file systems onto their normal mount points.
   3. Run the swapon program to start paging.
   4. Copy the customized data from the ODM database in the RAM file system to the ODM database in the hard disk file system.
   5. Exit the rc.boot script.
2. After phase 2 of rc.boot, the boot process switches from the RAM file system to the hard disk root file system.
3. Then the init process runs the processes defined by records in the /etc/inittab file. One of the instructions in the /etc/inittab file runs phase 3 of the rc.boot script, which includes the following steps:
   1. Mount the /tmp hard disk file system.
   2. Start the configuration manager phase 2 to configure all remaining devices.
   3. Use the savebase command to save the customized data to the boot logical volume
   4. Exit the rc.boot script.

At the end of this process, the system is up and ready for use.