Installing the Base Operating System

AIX Version 4.3 Installation Guide

Installing the Base Operating System

The basic steps for installing the Base Operating System are summarized below. Detailed procedures for performing these steps are included in this chapter. The procedures in this chapter contain illustrations of the online screens used during installation. These illustrations are provided as examples only. The actual online screens may be somewhat different in appearance.

Prerequisites
Start the System
Verify the Default Installation and System Settings
Change the Installation Method, if needed
Change the Destination Disk, if needed
Change the Primary Language Environment, if needed
Change the Trusted Computing Base setting, if needed
Install from CD-ROM or Tape

Press the Reset button on the system unit if you need to cancel the installation once it is in progress. If you cancel an installation, you must start from the beginning of the installation process to continue installing the system.

Prerequisites

Before installing the Base Operating System, complete the following prerequisites:

All hardware must already be connected, including any external devices, such as tape and CD-ROM drives. If you need instructions, refer to the hardware documentation that accompanied your system.
Obtain the system key for the lock (if present) on your system unit.
Locate your installation CD-ROMs or tapes. If you are installing from CD-ROM, you should have two volumes. You may have multiple volumes of CD-ROMs or tapes.
If you need to determine whether a display adapter is installed, consult the "About Your Machine" document shipped with the system. This document contains a list of the factory hardware that came with your system.
Refer to the documentation that came with the product installation media if you have not already done so.
If other users have access to your system, make sure they are logged off before you begin the installation.
For AIX Version 4.3, memory requirements have been increased to 32MB. A system with less than 32MB of memory may not be able to boot from the installation media.
For disk space requirements for AIX Version 4.3, see AIX Version 4.3 Release Notes.
If AIX Version 3.2 is currently installed and you want to use the Migration Installation method to install AIX Version 4.3, ensure that the root user has a primary authentication method of SYSTEM. To check the value, enter:
```
lsuser -a auth1 root
```
To change the value, enter:
```
chuser auth1=SYSTEM root
```
For information about the Migration Installation method, see "Installation Methods."
If the system you are installing contains data, create or locate a backup of the system:
- If AIX Version 4.2 is currently installed, refer to the AIX Version 4.2 Installation Guide for instructions on how to create a backup copy of your Version 4.2 system. After you have created a backup of your system, continue with "To Start the System."
- If AIX Version 4.1 is currently installed, refer to the AIX Version 4.1 Installation Guide for instructions on how to create a backup copy of your Version 4.1 system. After you have created a backup of your system, continue with "To Start the System."
- If AIX Version 3.2 is currently installed, refer to the AIX Version 3.2 Installation Guide for instructions on how to create a backup copy of your Version 3.2 system. After you have created a backup of your system, continue with "To Start the System."
- If AIX Version 3.1 is currently installed, refer to the AIX Version 3.1 Installation Guide for Version 3 for instructions on how to create a backup copy of your Version 3.1 system. After you have created a backup of your system, continue with "To Start the System."
- If you are reinstalling AIX Version 4.3, refer to "Backing Up Your System". After you have created a backup of your system, continue with "To Start the System."
If the system you are installing will communicate with other systems and access their resources, determine the following information: network interface, IP address, hostname, and route to the network. Contact your system administrator for the correct information for your system.

To Start the System

Use this procedure to start your machine:

If you have a new system or your system is turned off, skip to step 2. If the system is already turned on, do the following to insert the installation media into the appropriate drive and then shut down the system:
1. Log in as root user.
2. Insert Volume 1 of the installation media into the tape or CD-ROM drive. Some CD-ROM drives have a removable disc caddy, while others have a sliding drawer. If the CD-ROM drive on your system has a sliding drawer, place the CD-ROM in the drawer and push the drawer in. If the CD-ROM drive on your system does not have a sliding drawer, insert the CD-ROM into the disc caddy and then insert the caddy into the CD-ROM drive.
3. Enter the following command:
```
shutdown -F
```
  The Halt completed ... message is displayed when the shutdown process completes.
  Note: On some models, the shutdown command turns off the power to the system unit. It does not, however, automatically flip the power switch to the Off (0 ) position.
4. Flip the system unit power switch to the Off (0 ) position when the shutdown process is complete.
Turn the system key (if present) to the Service position.
Turn on all attached external devices, such as terminals, CD-ROM drives, tape drives, monitors, and external disk drives. Do not turn the system unit on until step 6. Turning on the external devices first is necessary so that the system unit can identify them during the startup (boot) process.
If you have not already inserted the installation media into the tape or CD-ROM drive, do so now. Some CD-ROM drives have a removable disc caddy, while others have a sliding drawer. If the CD-ROM drive on your system has a sliding drawer, place the CD-ROM in the drawer and push the drawer in. If the CD-ROM drive on your system does not have a sliding drawer, insert the CD-ROM into the disc caddy and then insert the caddy into the CD-ROM drive.
Notes:
- You may find that on specific hardware, the tape drive door will not open while the system unit is turned off. If you have trouble opening the tape drive door during installation, use the following procedure:
  1. Turn the system unit on.
  2. Insert the AIX Version 4.3 installation tape (insert Volume 1 if you received more than one volume).
  3. Turn the system unit off and wait for 30 seconds.
- On some models that have a door to the tape drive, there may be a waiting period of up to three minutes before the tape drive door opens after you have pressed the button to open the tape drive. Some models also require that the button for the tape drive door be held in the depressed position for a few seconds before the tape drive door will open.
- On some models, the eject button must be pressed for at least 2 seconds in order to eject a CD-ROM that is already in the disc caddy.
If you are not using an ASCII terminal, skip to step 6. If you are using an ASCII terminal, set the communications options as follows:
- Line Speed (baud rate) = 9600
- Word Length (bits per character) = 8
- Parity = no (none)
- Number of Stop Bits = 1
- Interface = RS-232C (or RS-422A)
- Line Control = IPRTS
Set the keyboard and display options as follows:
- Screen = normal
- Row and Column = 24x80
- Scroll = jump
- Auto LF (line feed) = off
- Line Wrap = on
- Forcing Insert = line (or both)
- Tab = field
- Operating Mode = echo
- Turnaround Character = CR
- Enter = return
- Return = new line
- New Line = CR
- Send = page
- Insert Character = space
  Note: If your terminal is an IBM 3151, 3161, or 3164, press the Ctrl+Setup keys to display the Setup Menu and follow the on-screen instructions to set these options. If you are using some other ASCII terminal, refer to the appropriate documents for information about how to set these options. Some terminals have different option names and settings than those listed here.
Turn the system unit power switch from Off (0 ) to On (| ). The system begins booting from the installation media. If your system is booting from tape, it is normal for the tape to move back and forth. After several minutes, the three-digit LED displays c31 .
If you have more than one console, each terminal and direct-attached display device (or console) may display a screen that directs you to press a key to identify your system console. A different key is specified for each terminal displaying this screen. If this screen is displayed, then press the specified key on the device to be used as the system console. The system console is the keyboard and display device used for installation and system administration. Press a key on only one console.
A screen is displayed that prompts you to select an installation language. Follow the directions on this screen to select the language in which the installation instructions will be displayed.
The Welcome to the Base Operating System Installation and Maintenance screen is displayed.
- To begin the installation immediately, type 1 and press Enter.
  After prompting for confirmation, the Installation process begins. Continue with the next section, "To Install from CD-ROM or Tape."
- To confirm or change the installation and system settings that have been set for this machine, type 2 and press Enter.
  The Installation and Settings screen is displayed. Continue with "To Verify the Default Installation and System Settings."
You can select 88 to display help on this or any subsequent installation screen.

To Install from CD-ROM or Tape

If you chose to confirm or change installation and system settings, enter 0 on the Installation and Settings menu to begin the installation process.

If the system key is present and is not already in the Normal position, turn the system key to the Normal position when you are prompted with the message:

Turn the system key to the NORMAL 
position.

The Installing Base Operating System screen is displayed.

If you select Migration Installation, after a few minutes, the Migration Confirmation screen is displayed.

Note: To skip the Migration Confirmation screen, press Enter when the Installing Base Operating System screen displays.

The Migration Confirmation screen enables you to do the following:

List the software on your system that is incompatible with AIX Version 4.3 and that will be installed at the new level.
Reboot the system without completing the migration. This selection cancels the installation.
Continue with the installation.

After you enter a selection from the Migration Confirmation screen, the installation status screen is redisplayed.

As the installation progresses, the numbers in the Approximate percent complete and Elapsed time fields increment to indicate the installation status. After the base run-time environment is installed, status information about other software that is being installed is displayed. After the installation is complete, the system automatically reboots.

Where Do I Go Next?

The type of install you are doing and the type of media you are installing from determines what you do next:

If you are installing from tape and you are doing either a preservation install or a complete-overwrite install:
Go to "Customizing Your Installation" and complete the post-installation tasks.
If you are installing from tape and you are doing a migration install:
Go to "Customizing Your Installation" and complete the post-installation tasks. If you received multiple tape volumes, the system prompts you to insert the next tape to complete the migration install for software you have installed on your system.
If you are installing from CD-ROM and you are doing either a preservation install or a complete-overwrite install:
Go to "Customizing Your Installation" and complete the post-installation tasks. After you complete the post-installation tasks, refer to "Installing Optional Software and Service Updates" for instructions on installing additional software on the current CD-ROM volume and on any other CD-ROM volumes that you may have.
If you are installing from CD-ROM and you are doing a migration install:
Go to "Customizing Your Installation" and complete the post-installation tasks. If you have multiple CD-ROMs to install, complete the post-installation tasks after installing Volume 1 of the CD-ROM.

If you have a graphical system, you can complete the migration installation by selecting the option Update installed software after a migration installation on the post-installation program, Configuration Assistant.

If you have an ASCII system, complete the migration install for software you have installed on your system that is shipped on the second volume of the CD-ROM. Insert Volume 2 and enter the following command:
```
smit update_all
```
Refer to "Installing Optional Software and Service Updates" for more information.

To Verify the Default Installation and System Settings

The Installation and Settings screen displays the default installation settings for your machine. The default settings are determined by the state of your system. For example, the default installation method for a new machine is different from the default installation method for a machine that has an earlier version of AIX installed. Usually, you can use the default settings for your installation.

If you want to change the default installation method, be sure to read "To Change the Installation Method."

The default installation method is based on the following:

New and Complete Overwrite	This is the only possible installation method for a new machine.
Preservation Install	This is the default setting for a machine installed with Version 3.1 or 4.3.
Migration Install	This is the default setting for a machine installed with Version 3.2, 4.1, or 4.2.

The default settings for a new machine with a standard U.S. keyboard are shown in the following screen.

Attention: Do not select the 0 option on the Installation and Settings screen until you have either verified the default settings or changed them to the correct settings. Selecting the 0 option on this screen begins the installation process.

To verify the default installation settings, check the default settings on the Installation and Settings screen.

If the default settings do not need to be changed, type 0 and press Enter to confirm that these settings are correct. Skip the rest of this procedure and go to "To Install from CD-ROM or Tape."
If the default settings need to be changed, continue with one of the following:

To Change the Installation Method (Preservation or Migration Only)

This section describes the different installation methods and the procedure for changing the default setting. The following terms are used in this section:

Volume Group	A single hard disk or group of hard disks on your system.
Root Volume Group (rootvg)	A volume group containing the Base Operating System.
/usr	A file system containing files and programs that can be shared among machines. Some of the directories included in the /usr file system are: /usr/bin, which contains ordinary commands and shell scripts; /usr/lib, which contains architecture-independent libraries; /usr/lpp, which contains optionally installed software.
/tmp	A file system providing a temporary shared storage location for files.
/var	A file system containing files that are variable on a per-client basis, such as spool and mail files.
/	The root file system contains files that have machine-specific configuration data.

Installation Methods

This section describes AIX Version 4.3 installation methods.

If you want only to go to the next maintenance level of AIX, see "To Install Optional Software and Service Updates. Or, you can use smit update_all to update the filesets currently installed.

New and Complete Overwrite Installation. Use this method if:
- You have a new machine. In this case the hard disk or disks on which you are installing BOS are empty. This is the only possible installation method for a new machine.
- You want to completely overwrite an existing version of BOS that is installed on your system. Be sure to back up your system before doing a New and Complete Overwrite installation. You may want to use the New and Complete Overwrite installation when:
  - You want to install onto a hard disk that contains an existing root volume group that you wish to completely overwrite. For example, this might occur if your root volume group has become corrupted.
  - You want to reassign your hard disks. For example, assume you have four hard disks belonging to one root volume group, and you want to separate these disks into two volume groups. You might first do a Complete Overwrite installation and select the first disk as the installation destination. This disk would become the new root volume group. You could then use either the Volumes application or the System Management Interface Tool (SMIT) to combine the remaining disks into a second (nonroot) volume group. The result would be two separate volume groups. All of the operating system files would be in the root volume group, and you could store user data in the second volume group. The advantage is that you can update or reinstall the operating system without affecting the user's data.
Attention: The New and Complete Overwrite installation overwrites all data on the selected destination disk. This means that after the installation is complete, you will have to manually configure your system using the Configuration Assistant application, SMIT, or the command line. If you want to preserve your system configuration and you do not need to completely overwrite your root volume group, do not use Complete Overwrite. Instead, use the Migration installation. (The Migration installation is available only for AIX Version 3.2, Version 4.1, or 4.2 machines.)
Migration Installation. Use this installation method to upgrade AIX Version 3.2, AIX Version 4.1, or AIX Version 4.2 to AIX Version 4.3 while preserving the existing root volume group. This method preserves all file systems except /tmp, as well as the root volume group, logical volumes and system configuration files. Migration is the default installation method for AIX Version 3.2, AIX Version 4.1, and AIX Version 4.2 machines.
During a Migration installation, the installation process determines which optional software products must be installed on AIX Version 4.3. AIX Version 3.2, AIX Version 4.1, or AIX Version 4.2 software that exists on the system and has been replaced by new software in AIX Version 4.3 is installed at the AIX Version 4.3 level. When migrating from version 3.2, all files in /usr/lib/drivers, /usr/lib/microcode, /usr/lib/methods and /dev are removed from the system, so software support for non-device drivers must be reinstalled. Non-software products remain on the system. They are expected to function if they conform to the binary compatibility conditions described in "Compatibility between AIX Version 3.2 and AIX Version 4.3."

When migrating from AIX Version 3.2, the following software products are removed from the system:
- AIXwindows Interface Composer
- Remote Customer Services
- AIXwindows Development Environment
- Display PostScript functionality from AIXwindows Run-Time Environment Extensions
- Performance Tools functionality from Extended Commands
- OpenGL and PEX_PHIGS.
In most cases, user configuration files from the previous version of a product are saved when the new version is installed during a Migration installation.

At the beginning of a migration install, the system verifies that there will be enough space to attempt the migration. If there is not, a message is printed explaining how much extra space is needed.

At this point, you must reboot the machine from the AIX Version 3.2, 4.1, or 4.2 disk and make some space available in the rootvg volume group to do the migration.

The following is a list of some actions you might take in this situation:
1. Add another disk to the rootvg volume group using either the SMIT smit extendvg fast path or the extendvg command.
2. Move any user data logical volumes from the rootvg volume group to another volume group. You can use either the SMIT smit migratepv fast path or the migratepv command to move individual logical volumes to another volume group's disk. It is a good idea to have only system logical volumes in the rootvg, and user data logical volumes in other volume groups.
  For more detailed information about manipulating logical volumes and volume groups, refer to Logical Volumes in AIX Version 4.3 System Management Guide: Operating System and Devices.
3. Remove unneeded logical volumes (and file systems) from the rootvg. Run the lsvg -l rootvg command to see all the logical volumes in the rootvg volume group. The only logical volumes that must be in the rootvg are: hd2, hd3, hd4, hd5, hd6, hd8, and hd9var. The hd1 (/home) logical volume can reside in another volume group if necessary.
  The hd7 (system dump) logical volume is no longer needed in AIX Version 4 because the paging space logical volume (hd6) is used. The migration code automatically removes this logical volume if space is needed, but you can remove it ahead of time with the following commands:
```
  sysdumpdev -P -p /dev/hd6
  rmlv -f hd7
```
4. If you cannot find extra space in your rootvg, you may have to do a preservation install instead of a migration install to AIX Version 4.3. A preservation install will save all the "non-system" logical volumes and file systems (for example, /home), but will remove and recreate the following logical volumes: hd2, hd3, hd4, hd5 and hd9var.
  If you do a preservation install, you must reinstall any applications that were installed in your rootvg after the preservation install has completed. You must also reconfigure devices, as well as recreate users and groups. See "Preservation Installation" for more information on this type of installation.
After you have freed up enough space, reboot from your installation media, and try the Migration Installation again.

To complete the Migration Installation, you must have at least 8MB of free disk space. If there is insufficient space to complete the Migration Installation during the BOS installation process, a message similar to the following is displayed at the end of the installation:
```
An error occurred while migrating packages.
Some packages have not been installed.
Please see /var/adm/ras/devinst.log for details or perform an
overwrite or preservation install.
```
If space limitations prevent the migration of all software that is usually automatically migrated, the installation program attempts to install the software that is usually installed for a Preservation of Overwrite installation. If there is still not enough disk space available, the minimum set of software required to support the use of the system is installed.
If there is not enough space to migrate all of the usually migrated software, a collection of software called a Migration Bundle will be available when you install additional software later. If the minimum set of software is installed, or if the installation is not performed from a graphics console, a Graphics_Startup Bundle is created. Before installing either of these bundles, you will need to create additional disk space on the machine you want to install. Refer to "Installing Optional Software and Service Updates" for more information about installing software bundles and for information on migrating or installing optional software products. "Maintaining Optional Software" describes how to remove software from the system to free up disk space.
Preservation Installation. Use this installation method when a version of BOS is installed on your system and you want to preserve the user data in the root volume group. However, this method overwrites the /usr, /tmp, /var, and / (root) file systems by default, so any user data in these directories is lost. These file systems are removed and recreated, so any other LPPs or filesets that you installed on the system will also be lost. Think of a preservation install as an overwrite installation for these flle systems. System configuration must be done after doing a Preservation installation.
The /etc/preserve.list file contains a list of system files to be copied and saved during a preservation BOS installation. The /etc/filesystems file is listed by default. Add the full path names of any additional files that you want to save during the Preservation Installation to the preserve.list file. You must create the /etc/preserve.list file on an AIX Version 3.1 machine. On an AIX Version 4.1 or later system, edit the file that exists on your system.

You can modify the preserve.list file and copy it to a diskette to be used during BOS installation. For information about creating a supplemental diskette, see "Customizing the BOS Install Program." If a preserve.list file exists on diskette, the installation program uses this information instead of the default file on the installation media or a user-created file on the system you are installing. If no diskette data exists, the installation program uses the preserve.list file you created on the system you are installing. Lastly, the program uses the preserve.list file on the installation media if no other file is found.

In addition to the amount of disk space required for BOS installation, be sure you have sufficient disk space in the /tmp file system to store the files listed in the /etc/preserve.list file.

To Change the Installation Method

Use the following procedure to change the default installation method if your default installation method is either the Preservation or the Migration installation. If your default installation method is New or Complete Overwrite, then this installation method cannot be changed.

Enter 1 to select the System Settings option. The Change Method of Installation screen is displayed.
Enter the number indicating the installation method you want to use. The Change Disks Where You Want to Install screen is displayed.
If you need to change the default installation disk, continue with "To Change the Destination Disk." Otherwise, return to the Installation and Settings screen by pressing Enter and continue with one of the following:

To Change the Destination Disk

The Change Disks Where You Want to Install screen allows you to change the hard disk where BOS will be installed. The location codes of the hard disks are displayed in the Location Code column of the Change Disks Where You Want to Install screen. The format for the location code for a direct-attached disk is: AA-BB where AA is 00 (zero) and BB is the slot number for the hard disk. The format for the location codes for all other hard disks is described in "Location Codes," in POWERstation and POWERserver Common Diagnostics Information Manual.

Note: You may wish to keep a record of the location code for the destination disk. In the future, you can use this location code to identify which disk contains the root volume group in order to do system maintenance.

For a New or Complete Overwrite Installation

Use the following procedure to change the destination disk when performing a new or Complete Overwrite installation:

If necessary, enter option 1 to select System Settings on the Installation and Settings screen. The Change Disk(s) Where You Want to Install screen is displayed.
Type the number, but do not press Enter, for each disk you choose. Type the number of a selected disk to deselect it. You can select more than one disk.
You can also specify a supplemental disk by entering 66 (type 66 and press the Enter key) for the Disks not known to Base Operating System Installation option. This option opens a new menu that prompts for a device support diskette for the supplemental disk. A supplemental device diskette is only needed when the device will not configure with the generic SCSI or bus attached device drivers. BOS installation configures the system for the disk and then returns to the Change Disk(s) Where You Want to Install screen.
Press the Enter key when you finish selecting disks.

After you have selected one or more installation disks, the Installation and Settings Screen is displayed with the selected disks or the newly configured disk listed under System Settings .

Continue with one of the following:

For a Preservation or Migration Installation

Use the following procedure to change the destination disk or root volume group when installing AIX Version 4.3 on a Version 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, or 4.2 machine.

If necessary, display the Change Disks Where You Want to Install screen by doing the following:
- If the Installation and Settings screen is displayed, then enter option 1 to select the System Settings option.
- If the Change Method of Installation screen is displayed, then either select an installation method or keep the default method and press Enter.
Enter the number indicating the root volume group where you want to install AIX Version 4.3 on the Change Disks Where You Want to Install screen. After you have selected a root volume group, the Installation and Settings screen is displayed.

Attention: It is extremely important to select the correct root volume group because some of the existing data in the destination root volume group will be destroyed during BOS installation.

Continue with one of the following:

To Change the Primary Language Environment

The Set Primary Language Environment screen allows you to change the language environment used to display text and messages after BOS installation. The Cultural Convention field determines the way numeric, monetary, and time characters are displayed. The Language field determines the language used to display text and system messages. The environments that are available depend on the type of keyboard you are using.

Note: Changes to the primary language environment do not take effect until after BOS is installed and your system is rebooted. The Latin-1 countries (U. S., Canada, Western Europe) and Japan are supported by two code sets. The default code set for the Latin-1 countries is ISO8859-1, and for Japan the default code set is IBM-932. For information about changing language environments and code sets after installation, refer to "Changing Your Locale" in AIX Version 4.3 System Management Guide: Operating System and Devices. This article provides information on identifying language conventions and on using the Web-based System Manager Users application or the System Management Interface Tool (SMIT) to change your language environment and code set after installation.

Use the following procedure to change the language environment:

Enter 2 on the Installation and Settings screen to select the Primary Language Environment Settings option. The Set Primary Language Environment screen is displayed.
View the options listed on the Set Primary Language Environment screen. The full list of options may be displayed on more than one screen. Select the MORE CHOICES option to view the next screen. Most of the options are a predefined combination of cultural convention, language, and keyboard. There is, however, an option for defining your own combination of cultural convention, language, and keyboard.
Select an option on the Set Primary Language Environment screen.
- If you selected a predefined option, then the Installation and Settings screen is displayed. Skip the rest of this procedure and continue with one of the following:
  - To Change the Trusted Computing Base Setting.
  - To Install from CD-ROM or Tape.
- If you selected the option to define your own combination of cultural convention, language and keyboard, then the Set Primary Cultural Convention screen is displayed.
Enter the number indicating the cultural convention required on the Set Primary Cultural Convention screen. The Set Primary Language screen is displayed.
Enter the number indicating the primary language required. The program displays the Set Keyboard screen.
Enter the number indicating the keyboard attached to the system. The Installation and Settings menu is displayed again, reflecting your changes.
Continue with one of the following:
- To Change the Trusted Computing Base Setting.
- To Install from CD-ROM or Tape.

To Change the Trusted Computing Base Setting

When you install the Trusted Computing Base (TCB), the trusted path, the trusted shell, and system integrity checking are installed. The trusted path protects your system in case a program is masquerading as the program you want to use. The trusted path tries to ensure that the programs you run are trusted programs.

If you want to enable the TCB setting, you must do so now. You cannot enable the TCB setting late, but you can disable the TCB setting later. When TCB is not installed, installation time is reduced.

To change the setting for installing TCB to yes, enter 3 . Entering 3 again changes the setting back to no.

Note: When migrating from AIX Version 4.1 or AIX Version 4.2, the install menu TCB setting is ignored. The TCB setting of the installed system will be the same as on the AIX Version 4.1 system.

Continue with To Install from CD-ROM or Tape.