Glossary

A
abduction The movement of a limb away from the median, or midline, of the body.
adduction The movement of a limb toward the median, or midline, of the body.
angular  limitations The manikin's joint limitations.
anthropometry The study of proportional relationships between the shape, weight and size of body segments.

D
degree(s) of freedom Each linear or rotary movement along or about a given axis. Manikin segments can have up to three DOFs.
DOF degree(s) of freedom
dorsiflexion Ankle upward flexion movement

E
elevation Shoulder abduction movement
eversion Ankle abduction movement
extension The act of straightening a limb at a joint.

F
flexion The act of bending a limb at a joint, thus forming an angle.

H
hyperextension Extending the extremity beyond anatomical position.

I
inversion Ankle adduction movement

L
lateral rotation The rotation of a body part away from the median, or midline, of the body.
line of sight Designed to facilitate the manipulation of the manikin's field of vision. It can be selected as any other segment of the manikin.
longitudinal axis The vertical axis perpendicular to the transverse plane that is dividing the body into superior and inferior portions.

M
manikin A virtual human.
medial rotation The rotation of a body part toward the median, or midline, of the body. 

P
postural score A function used to evaluate the manikin's posture.
posture The position of the whole manikin (global posture) or of parts of the manikin such as hand posture (local posture).

R
radial deviation Wrist adduction movement (toward the radial bone, on the thumb side of the arm).
range of motion The range of translation and rotation of a joint for each of its degrees of freedom.

S
sagittal axis Horizontal axis in the anterior-posterior orientation. This axis is perpendicular to the coronal plane that is dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions.
segment A section of the manikin such as forearm, neck, thigh, ankle, etc.
supination The movement of the forearm so that the hand rests palm up on a surface.

T
transversal axis Horizontal axis in the left-right orientation. This axis is perpendicular to the sagittal plane that is dividing the body into left and right portions.

U
ulnar deviation The entire area that can be seen when the eye is forward, including peripheral vision.