TDoc-v200-0






























        ===================================================================
        T
        A Tiny Editor
        By Tim Baldwin
        Version 2.00





















        (C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1992






        (C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1992
        
        
        
        PREFACE

        This document describes T - a very small yet very powerful full
        screen text editor for IBM PC, PS/2 and compatible machines.  The
        document is divided into two main parts: "Part 1.  Using The
        Editor" and "Part 2.  Editor Reference".

        Part 1 is a user's guide containing these sections:

        -  "1.0 Introduction".  This describes T, giving an overview of its
           main features and omissions.  It also details the hardware and
           software you will need to be able to use the editor and how you
           can obtain a copy.

        -  "2.0 Getting Started".  This describes how to install T ready
           for use.  It describes how to start up the editor, what the
           screen looks like and how to use the help files.

        -  "3.0 Editing".  Contains a brief introduction to editing with
           T describing how to issue commands and functions and the basics
           of editing.  This section also covers searching and replacing,
           the word processing features, the box drawing functions and
           describes how to print documents when using the editor.

        -  "4.0 Customising".  Describes how the editor can be customised
           to change the screen colours, to redefine the keyboard functions
           and to alter some other special editor settings.  This section
           also shows how to customise the help files supplied with
           T.

        Part 2 is the reference manual, divided into three sections:

        -  "1.0 Commands".  An alphabetical list of all the editor's
           commands.

        -  "2.0 Keyboard Functions".  An alphabetical list of all the
           editor's keyboard functions.

        -  "3.0 Settings".  An alphabetical list of all the editor's
           special settings.

        Two appendices are also included:

        -  "Appendix A.  Messages".  Lists all the messages T can produce,
           giving the meaning of the message and any possible action that
           may need to be taken.

        -  "Appendix B.  User Definable Keys".  Lists all the valid names
           and shift- combinations for the user-definable keys.







        
                                                                 Preface  i


        (C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1992
        
        
        
        CONTENTS


          Part 1.  Using The Editor   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

          1.0 Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
          1.1 Features and Omissions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
          1.2 What You Need   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

          2.0 Getting Started   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
          2.1 Starting T  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
          2.2 Screen Layout   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
          2.3 The Help File   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

          3.0 Editing   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
          3.1 Simple Editing  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
            3.1.1 The Command Line  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
            3.1.2 The Data Area   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
            3.1.3 Marking and Copying Lines   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
            3.1.4 Saving Documents  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
            3.1.5 Working On Several Documents  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
          3.2 Search and Replace  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
            3.2.1 Searching   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
            3.2.2 Replacing   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
          3.3 Word Processing   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
            3.3.1 The Right Margin and Word Spill   . . . . . . . . . . . 9
            3.3.2 The ADJUST LINE Function  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
          3.4 Drawing Boxes  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
          3.5 Printing   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
            3.5.1 Printer Control Codes  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
            3.5.2 Printer Set Up   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

          4.0 Customising  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
          4.1 The Custom Definition File   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
            4.1.1 Colour Commands  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
            4.1.2 Key Commands   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
            4.1.3 Set Commands   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
          4.2 The HELP and USER Functions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
          4.3 The Enhanced Keyboard  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

          Part 2.  Editor Reference  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

          1.0 Commands   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
          1.1 APPEND   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
          1.2 CHANGE   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
          1.3 DOS  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
          1.4 EDIT   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
          1.5 FILE   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
          1.6 GET  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
          1.7 GOTO   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
          1.8 LOCATE   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
          1.9 MARGIN   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
          1.10 NAME  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
          1.11 PRINT   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
          1.12 PUT   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

        
                                                               Contents  ii


        (C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1992
        
        
        
          1.13 QUIT  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
          1.14 SAVE  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
          1.15 VERSION   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

          2.0 Keyboard Functions   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
          2.1 ADJUST LINE  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
          2.2 BACKSPACE  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
          2.3 BACKTAB  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
          2.4 BOTTOM OF FILE   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
          2.5 BOTTOM OF MARK   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
          2.6 BOTTOM OF SCREEN   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
          2.7 CLEAR MARK   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
          2.8 COMMAND TOGGLE   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
          2.9 COPY MARK  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
          2.10 DELETE CHARACTER  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
          2.11 DELETE LINE   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
          2.12 DELETE MARK   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
          2.13 DOWN  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
          2.14 EDIT  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
          2.15 END OF LINE   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
          2.16 ESCAPE  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
          2.17 FILE  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
          2.18 HELP  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
          2.19 INSERT LINE   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
          2.20 INSERT TOGGLE   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
          2.21 JOIN LINE   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
          2.22 LEFT  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
          2.23 MARK LEFT   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
          2.24 MARK LINE   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
          2.25 MARK RIGHT  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
          2.26 MOVE MARK   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
          2.27 NAME  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
          2.28 NEW LINE  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
          2.29 NEXT FILE   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
          2.30 NEXT LINE   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
          2.31 NEXT WORD   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
          2.32 NOTHING   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
          2.33 PAGE DOWN   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
          2.34 PAGE UP   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
          2.35 PREVIOUS FILE   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
          2.36 PREVIOUS WORD   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
          2.37 QUIT  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
          2.38 REPEAT FIND   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
          2.39 REPEAT LINE   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
          2.40 RIGHT   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
          2.41 SAFE FILE   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
          2.42 SAVE  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
          2.43 SCROLL DOWN   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
          2.44 SCROLL LEFT   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
          2.45 SCROLL RIGHT  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
          2.46 SCROLL UP   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
          2.47 SPLIT LINE  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
          2.48 START OF LINE   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
          2.49 TAB   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
          2.50 TOP OF FILE   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

        
                                                              Contents  iii


        (C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1992
        
        
        
          2.51 TOP OF MARK   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
          2.52 TOP OF SCREEN   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
          2.53 TRUNCATE LINE   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
          2.54 UNDO  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
          2.55 UP  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
          2.56 USER  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

          3.0 Settings   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
          3.1 AUTOMATIC INDENT   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
          3.2 CGA SNOW   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
          3.3 COMMAND RECALL   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
          3.4 COMMAND TOGGLE   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
          3.5 EXACT MATCH  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
          3.6 FINAL EOF  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
          3.7 HELP COMMAND   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
          3.8 HELP LINE  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
          3.9 INSERT TOGGLE  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
          3.10 KEYBOARD  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
          3.11 MARGIN  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
          3.12 TAB EXPAND  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
          3.13 TAB SPACING   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
          3.14 USER COMMAND  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

          Appendix A.  Messages  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

          Appendix B.  User Definable Keys   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41






























        
                                                               Contents  iv


        (C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1992
        
        
        
                                                  Part 1.  Using The Editor























































        
                                               Part 1.  Using The Editor  1


        (C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1992
        
        
        
        1.0 INTRODUCTION

        T is a full screen text editor for the IBM PC, PS/2 and compatible
        family of machines.  It is designed to be quick and easy to learn
        and simple to use, while remaining both extremely powerful and very
        small - to DOS version being under 9K bytes in size.

        A very small editor has a number of advantages:

        -  It may be used on machines with a limited amount of memory.
           Even a PC with a full 640K of memory can have a large amount of
           this used up when a number of terminate-and-stay-resident type
           programs are installed - local area network drivers and terminal
           emulators are prime examples.

        -  It may be used for editing large files, that would be too large
           to load into memory with a bigger editor.

        -  It may be invoked from inside other programs yet still have
           enough free memory to edit a good sized file.

        -  It loads and starts very quickly indeed.  If you just wish to
           make a small change to your CONFIG.SYS file it can be very
           frustrating to spend time waiting for a large word processor to
           start up.



        1.1 FEATURES AND OMISSIONS

        T has the following main features:

        -  Very small size, under 9K bytes.

        -  Fast, easy to use, full screen interface that adapts
           automatically to use the full size of the display.

        -  Can edit very large files, subject to available memory.

        -  Can edit any number of files at once, subject to available
           memory.

        -  On screen help

        -  Very fast search and replace functions.

        -  Customisable keyboard and screen colours.

        -  Any DOS command may be run without leaving the editor.

        -  A "right hand margin" and word-spill to allow some simple word
           processing to be performed.

        To keep T small it necessarily lacks some of the more advanced
        features of larger editors.  In particular:

        
                                                            Introduction  2


        (C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1992
        
        
        
        -  Copying and moving data can only be performed on blocks of one
           or more whole lines.

        -  Lines are limited to 255 characters maximum length.

        -  Word processing capabilities are very limited.

        -  No programmability, although the appearance and function may be
           customised.



        1.2 WHAT YOU NEED

        T should run on any IBM PC, PS/2 or compatible machine.  It needs
        PC-DOS or MS-DOS version 2.00 or later, or any version of OS/2.
        The DOS version may also be run as a DOS application under
        Microsoft Windows.  When used with OS/2 with appropriate versions
        of MS Windows it may be run from both full screen and windowed
        command lines, or may be started by placing an entry in one of the
        OS/2 folders or Windows Program Manager groups.

        Note: A very small number of non-IBM machines can give trouble with
        the DOS version of T.  Refer to "4.3 The Enhanced Keyboard" on page
        17 for more details.

        T is available from CompuServe and is supplied in a single file
        called TINYED.ZIP.  This .ZIP file should be expanded using PKUNZIP
        in the usual manner and when expanded will give these files:

        T.EXE        This is the PC-DOS executable version of the editor.

        T2.EXE       This is the OS/2 executable version of the editor.

        THELP.HLP    This is a simple help file for the standard editor
                     configuration.

        TKEY.EXE     This is the customiser program.  It will run under
                     either PC-DOS or OS/2 and will customise either
                     version of the editor.

        TKEYS.DEF    This is a sample custom definition file that describes
                     the standard editor configuration.

        T.DOC        This file, the full documentation.

        TINYED.ABS   A short introduction to installing and using the
                     editor.








        
                                                            Introduction  3


        (C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1992
        
        
        
        2.0 GETTING STARTED

        This section describes how to get T up and running, what the screen
        looks like and how to ask for help.


        2.1 STARTING T

        Only the executable file (T.EXE for PC-DOS or T2.EXE for OS/2) is
        required to be able to use the editor; this should be located in
        the current directory of the current drive, or in a subdirectory
        listed in your PATH.  The other files are only required if you want
        to customise the editor or if you want to use the supplied help
        file.  These other files are normally be kept on a separate
        diskette or in their own subdirectory (which need not be in the
        PATH).

        If you use OS/2 exclusively or use both DOS and OS/2 but keep DOS
        and OS/2 programs in separate subdirectories you might want to
        rename the OS/2 executable to T.EXE also.  This avoids having to
        remember whether to type T or T2 depending on the environment you
        are using.

        Since T is so small it makes sense to put it on a RAMDRIVE if you
        have one installed, this means that it will load almost instantly.

        To start T simply enter the following command at the DOS or OS/2
        prompt:

             T <filename> <filename> ...

        You can put any number, including zero, of file names after the
        T command and T will load each file you list into its memory.


        2.2 SCREEN LAYOUT

        The T screen is divided into four areas:

        1. The Message Line and the Help line.

           The bottom line of the screen is used to display error and
           informational messages.  When no messages are displayed this
           line instead shows a single line of "help".  Typically the
           functions assigned to the F-keys are displayed, but this can be
           customised to whatever you want.

        2. The Status Line.

           Above the message line is the status line.  This shows the name
           of the current document and the line and column number of the
           cursor within the document.  If a right-hand margin has been set
           this will also be displayed following an "M" margin indicator.
           The current typing mode (either "replace" or "insert") is also
           indicated.

        
                                                         Getting Started  4


        (C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1992
        
        
        
        3. The Command Line.

           Above the status line is the command line.  Any any valid
           T command may be entered here.

        4. The Data Area.

           The rest of the screen is used to display the document being
           edited.

        The size of the data area is automatically adjusted to fill the
        whole of the screen.  Most recent displays (EGAs or better) can
        show more than 25 lines and some can show more than 80 columns.
        T cannot change the size of the display but it will use whatever
        number of lines and columns are set when it is started.  So to see
        rather more data on the screen first switch to a greater than 25
        line mode then invoke T.  For example, the following command will
        switch to a 43 line mode under OS/2 or DOS (this needs DOS 4.00 or
        later):

             MODE CO80,43



        2.3 THE HELP FILE

        T is supplied with a simple help file which describes the default
        key settings and the commands available.  When using T for the
        first time ensure that the help file, THELP.HLP, is available in
        the current directory of the current drive.  Later you can
        customise the editor to allow the help file to be kept somewhere
        else.

        Press the F1 key to load and display the help file.  Then use the
        PgUp and PgDn keys to view the various help panels it contains.  If
        you have a 40-column display use the Home and End keys to view the
        left and right hand panels.



















        
                                                         Getting Started  5


        (C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1992
        
        
        
        3.0 EDITING

        This section gives a brief introduction to editing with T.  It
        assumes the editor is used in its default configuration, as
        supplied.  Later sections describe how to customise the editor.
        Anyone who is familiar with the IBM Personal Editor will recognise
        the way T works immediately and should be able to skip most of this
        section - although a glance at "3.3 Word Processing" on page 9 and
        "3.4 Drawing Boxes" on page 10 might be worthwhile.


        3.1 SIMPLE EDITING

        If T is started without any filename (by just entering T on the
        command line) it displays and edits a new, empty, un-named
        document.  A "Top Of File" marker line indicates the top of the
        document and a "Bottom Of File" marks the bottom.  These marker
        lines are not part of the document and may not be edited, although
        the cursor may be moved onto them.


        3.1.1 THE COMMAND LINE

        The cursor starts off on the command line, which is the third line
        up from the bottom of the screen.  Any T command can be entered on
        the command line, it is executed when the Enter key is pressed.  As
        a command is typed in mistakes can be corrected using the cursor
        Left, cursor Right and Backspace keys.  When the editor is in
        "replace" mode any characters typed overwrite those already on the
        screen; when in "insert" mode any characters to the right of the
        cursor are shifted right to make room for the new text.  Switch
        between "insert" and "replace" mode by pressing the Ins key.

        When on the command line the cursor Up and cursor Down keys recall
        any previous commands entered.  These can then either be entered
        again directly by pressing Enter or can be altered before being
        reused.


        3.1.2 THE DATA AREA

        The cursor may be switched into the data area by pressing the Esc
        key.  When the cursor is on the command line a shadow cursor marks
        the position in the data where the real cursor will appear when Esc
        is pressed.

        When the cursor is in the data area it may be moved anywhere
        between the "Top Of File" and "Bottom Of File" markers using the
        cursor keys.  At any place text may be typed from the keyboard.  If
        the editor is in "replace" mode any text typed will overwrite
        whatever was there before, if it is in "insert" mode anything to
        the right of the cursor will be shifted to the right to make room
        for the new text.



        
                                                                 Editing  6


        (C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1992
        
        
        
        To add a new line press Ctrl-Enter, and to delete a line press
        Ctrl-Backspace.  Alternatively if the editor is in "insert" mode
        just pressing Enter will insert a new blank line.


        3.1.3 MARKING AND COPYING LINES

        A block of one or more lines may be marked by pressing the key
        Alt-L n the first and last lines of the required block.

        Marked blocks may be deleted by pressing Alt-D or they be moved or
        copied somewhere else.  To move or copy first position the cursor
        at the line above the desired new position, then press either Alt-M
        or Alt-C respectively.

        Marked blocks are also useful for limiting the scope of a CHANGE or
        LOCATE command.

        It is also possible to shift all marked lines one character to the
        left or right by pressing Alt-F7 or Alt-F8 respectively.  This can
        be useful when writing programs to indent a block of code.

        To duplicate a copy of the current line just press Alt-R.


        3.1.4 SAVING DOCUMENTS

        If a document has a name (displayed on the status line) it can be
        saved to disk simply by pressing F2; once saved you may quit the
        document by pressing F3.  Alternately you can perform a save and
        quit in one operation by pressing F4.  If a document doesn't have a
        name you must give it one: either use the NAME command to name the
        document or use the SAVE or FILE commands along with a filename
        parameter.

        Note: Pressing F4 (the SAFE FILE function) will not cause the file
        to be written to disk if it has not been changed.  If you want to
        force an unchanged document to be re-written to disk simply use the
        FILE command from the command line.


        3.1.5 WORKING ON SEVERAL DOCUMENTS

        T can edit any number of documents at once.  The documents are held
        in an edit ring, and although only one can be displayed on the
        screen at one time, you can cycle through the ring by pressing the
        F10 and F11 keys.  The actual number of documents you can hold in
        the ring depends on the size of each document and how much memory
        your machine has; each document has to be completely loaded in
        memory.

        To load multiple documents you can either enter several filenames
        when T is started from the command line, or you can issue EDIT
        commands to load more files once T is running.


        
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        (C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1992
        
        
        
        The marked line functions move (Alt-M) and copy (Alt-C) are
        particularly useful when editing several documents as lines can be
        moved and copied to and from different documents.


        3.2 SEARCH AND REPLACE



        3.2.1 SEARCHING

        To search for a particular word or phrase in a document switch onto
        the command line and use the LOCATE command.  In its simplest form
        you just enter a command rather like this:

             /word

        This will search the document for the next occurrence of "word".
        Remember this only searches from the current position onwards, to
        search from the top you need to first move to the top by pressing
        Ctrl-Home.

        Having found a match you can repeat the search to find the next
        match simply by pressing Alt-F.  If no further matches can be found
        before the end of the document the message "No match found" will be
        displayed.

        Normally LOCATE commands are case-sensitive i.e. a search for
        "word" would not find "Word".  To do a case-insensitive search add
        the "c" option to the command:

             /word/c



        3.2.2 REPLACING

        To change one word or phrase into something else switch onto the
        command line and use the CHANGE command, for example:

             C/this/that

        This will search for the next occurrence of the word "this" and
        then prompt for an action: "Yes/No/Go/Last/Quit?".  Hit either Y,
        N, G, L or Q as appropriate:

        Yes    To change this occurrence of "this" into "that" and to
               search for the next occurrence of "this".

        No     To skip this change, but to continue searching.

        Go     To make this change and all further changes to the end of
               the document without any further prompting.

        Last   To make this change and to stop searching, so this becomes

        
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               the last change.

        Quit   To skip this change and stop searching.

        To avoid the prompt message and to make all changes straightaway
        add the "*" option to the command:

             C/this/that/*



        3.3 WORD PROCESSING

        T is not designed to be a word processor, but it does provide some
        very simple word processing functions that are useful for creating
        quick notes or for entering marked-up documents that will later be
        formatted with a batch formatter.


        3.3.1 THE RIGHT MARGIN AND WORD SPILL

        The command MARGIN allows a right hand margin column to be set.
        When a margin is set the status line indicates its column number
        with "M nnn".  To set the right hand margin to column 72 you would
        enter the command:

             MARGIN 72

        As text is entered into the document any words that are typed
        across the right hand margin are automatically word-spilled onto a
        new inserted line.  This means it is possible to type whole
        paragraphs without having to worry about hitting Enter at the end
        of each line.  As words spill onto a new line they are
        automatically indented from the left hand side so as they align
        under the first non-blank character of the line above.  This makes
        it very simple to leave a left margin or to enter whole sections
        indented.


        3.3.2 THE ADJUST LINE FUNCTION

        If corrections need to be made to text entered with a right margin
        the text will not be reflowed automatically to keep the margins
        correct.  In fact after making a number of corrections it will tend
        to end up in rather a mess.  The ADJUST LINE function is provided
        to tidy up this mess and re-align everything correctly.  ADJUST
        LINE is performed by pressing Alt-A and will adjust the current
        line based on the current right margin setting.  If the line is too
        short it will be filled out with words from the next line down and
        if it is too long it will be split in two.  As with the word-spill,
        when ADJUST LINE spills words onto the next line they are aligned
        under the first non-blank character of the preceding line.

        ADJUST LINE will ignore blank lines skipping over them and moving
        the cursor to the next line down, and if a line needs to be split

        
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        in two the cursor will move down to the split-off portion.  This
        makes re-adjusting whole paragraphs very simple, just place the
        cursor on the first line of the paragraph and keep pressing Alt-A
        until it is re-flowed correctly.

        Note: When a line is too short and ADJUST LINE fills with words
        from the next line, these words are joined to the line with just
        one intervening blank.  If before the ADJUST LINE the last
        character happened to be a full stop at the end of a sentence you
        may need to go back and insert an extra space to maintain the
        convention of two blanks following a sentence end.


        3.4 DRAWING BOXES

        The PC character set contains a group of special symbols that can
        be used to draw boxes.  T assigns the box corner and intersection
        characters to the keys Alt-1 to Alt-9.  As a reminder of which box
        corner is assigned to which key, just look at the numeric keypad
        which is arranged like this:

             7  8  9
             4  5  6
             1  2  3

        So the Alt-7 key produces a top left box corner, the Alt-3 a bottom
        right and so on.  Remember though that the keypad just provides a
        mnemonic - you must actually enter characters using the Alt-key and
        the numerals along the top of the main keyboard area.

        The horizontal line is assigned to Alt-- (Alt-minus) and the
        vertical line to Alt-= (Alt-equals).  These two may need
        reassigning to use other keys on non-English language keyboards,
        where the "-" and "=" keys don't appear on the top row just after
        the numerals.  This can be done by customising the editor (see "4.0
        Customising" on page 12).


        3.5 PRINTING

        To print the current document switch onto the command line and
        enter the PRINT command.  No special facilities are provided for
        formatted printing, the PRINT command will simply write a copy of
        the current document to the printer.  If used with no parameters
        PRINT will write to the device PRN, which for most people will be
        the printer attached to their machine.  If you have a serially
        attached printer or use use a LAN printer you may need to specify a
        device to print to, for example:

             PRINT COM1
         or  PRINT LPT2

        To print a piece of a document first mark the block of lines to be
        printed, then use the PUT command to write them to a device.  A
        device must be specified with the PUT command, so normally you

        
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        would use:

             PUT PRN



        3.5.1 PRINTER CONTROL CODES

        You may embed printer control codes directly in your documents if
        you want to produce special effects such as bold or emphasised.
        Control codes normally require the use of the function ESCAPE
        (assigned to Alt-X) to allow them to be entered.  Press Alt-X
        followed by the control code you want.

        All control codes can be entered using the keypad on the right of
        the keyboard.  After pressing Alt-X, press and hold down the Alt
        key, then type the decimal number of the control code on the keypad
        and release the Alt key.  Most control codes show up on the screen
        as odd little symbols.

        You will need to refer to your printer manual to see what control
        codes are available and what they do on your printer.


        3.5.2 PRINTER SET UP

        You may prefer not to place the printer control codes directly in
        the document, but to keep the document as plain, readable text.
        But you may want to send a few special characters to the printer
        before printing a document, perhaps to switch the printer to NLQ
        mode.

        These printer set up sequences can be issued with a DOS ECHO
        command, for example to put a Proprinter into NLQ mode issue the
        following command:

             DOS ECHO xG >PRN

        where the "x" should be an ASCII "Esc" control code entered by
        hitting Alt-X followed by the Esc key.
















        
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        (C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1992
        
        
        
        4.0 CUSTOMISING

        This section describes how you can customise T to match your own
        preferences for screen colours, keyboard layouts and special
        settings.  Even if you like T exactly the way it is supplied and
        don't want to change any of the colours or keys, you will probably
        still need to customise some of the special settings, at least to
        tell the editor where you keep its help file.

        To customise T you must first construct a Custom Definition
        File, which is described in detail in the next section.  Then use
        the TKEY.EXE customiser program to customise your copy of the
        editor, by entering this command:

             TKEY  custom-file  editor-file

        Replace custom-file with the name of your custom definition file
        and replace editor-file with the name the editor you want to
        customise.  Unless you tell it otherwise TKEY will assume the
        custom definition file has an extension of .DEF and the editor of
        .EXE.  So to customise both the PC-DOS and the OS/2 versions with a
        custom definition file called TCUST.DEF you would use the two
        commands:

             TKEY TCUST T
         and TKEY TCUST T2

        Once the customising is complete the changes are recorded
        permanently inside the .EXE file.  You no longer need either the
        TKEY program or your custom definition file, unless you decide to
        make further changes.


        4.1 THE CUSTOM DEFINITION FILE

        The custom definition file contains a description of the way you
        want T to be configured.  An example of a custom definition file is
        supplied with T, this is called TKEYS.DEF and contains the
        description of the default configuration.  This file serves as a
        good example of how to write a custom definition, but should be
        used for reference only.  You should create your own custom
        definition file and call it something other than TKEYS.DEF.  This
        will ensure that if you ever obtain a new copy the T package you do
        not lose any changes you made.  Of course a good way to start your
        own definition file would be to copy TKEYS.DEF under another name.

        The custom definition file contains four sorts of item.  Normally
        each item is placed on a new line, although one item can be split
        over several lines or several items can be placed on one line, if
        desired.

        1. Comments.

           Comments are ignored by the customiser program and serve to make
           the definition file more readable.  Comments come in three

        
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           flavours:

           a. Anything between the comment markers /* and */.  Comments of
              this sort can extend over several lines if required.

           b. Anything between the comment marker // and the end of the
              line.

           c. Several special words and symbols are ignored: blank lines,
              blank spaces, ON, OF, TO, IS, ;, =, [ and ].

        2. Colour Commands

           Colour commands define the colours used for the various parts of
           the screen.

        3. Key Commands

           Key commands assign keyboard functions or single characters to
           keys.

        4. Set Commands

           Set commands alter the editor's special settings.

        In the following descriptions uppercase will be used to indicate
        keywords and lowercase to indicate parameters you must enter.
        Items in angle brackets are optional.  In your custom definition
        file you may use any mixture of upper- or lowercase.


        4.1.1 COLOUR COMMANDS

             COLOUR screen area = fore <ON back>
         or  COLOR  screen area = fore <ON back>

        Colour commands define the colours that will be used for the
        various areas of the screen, the following parameters should be
        provided:

        screen   is either MONO or COLOUR (or COLOR).  Two sets of colours
                 are defined, one set is used with the colour modes of the
                 colour displays and the other with the monochrome display
                 or with the colour display when in black-and-white modes
                 (this latter setting can be useful when a colour card
                 drives a mono screen like Portable PC's built in amber
                 screen).

        area     is an area of the screen.  It should be one of:
                     DATA
                     MARK
                     SHADOW CURSOR
                     STATUS LINE
                     HELP LINE
                     MESSAGE LINE

        
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        fore     is the foreground colour, one of:
                     BLACK
                     BLUE
                     GREEN
                     TURQUOISE or CYAN
                     RED
                     PINK or MAGENTA
                     BROWN
                     WHITE
                     GREY or GRAY
                     YELLOW

                 Optionally each colour may be preceded by one or more
                 attributes chosen from:
                     UNDERLINED
                     BLINKING
                     BRIGHT or LIGHT

                 Not all combinations are meaningful or useable on the PC,
                 although the customiser program will accept them.  In
                 particular: UNDERLINED is only meaningful with the mono
                 screen, YELLOW is the same as BRIGHT BROWN and GREY is the
                 same as BRIGHT BLACK.

        back     is an optional background colour specified from the same
                 choices as the foreground colours, although only the
                 BRIGHT or LIGHT attributes may be used.  Note that on some
                 machines a BRIGHT background will actually produce a
                 BLINKING foreground instead.  (Bear this in mind
                 particularly if YELLOW i.e. BRIGHT BROWN or GREY i.e.
                 BRIGHT BLACK are chosen as background colours.)

                 If no background is given BLACK will be used.



        4.1.2 KEY COMMANDS

             KEY <shift->keyname = function
         or  DEF <shift->keyname = function
         or  KEY <shift->keyname = character
         or  DEF <shift->keyname = character

        Key commands assign the editor's keyboard functions or single ASCII
        characters to user definable keys.  The parameters are:

        shift-      is the shift key that must be pressed.  It is omitted
                    for unshifted keys or specified as one of:

                    S-   for either of the shift keys.

                    C-   for the Ctrl key.

                    A-   for the Alt key.


        
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        keyname     is chosen from:
                        A to Z
                        0 to 9
                        F1 to F12
                        - (the minus key)
                        = (the equals key)
                        [ (the open square bracket key)
                        ] (the close square bracket key)
                        \ (the backslash key)
                        ESC
                        TAB
                        BACKSPACE
                        ENTER
                        HOME
                        END
                        PGUP
                        PGDN
                        UP
                        DOWN
                        LEFT
                        RIGHT
                        INS
                        DEL
                        PAD5

                    Not all shift-keyname combinations are valid, and some
                    are not available for use on the older PC keyboard -
                    the one with 10 F-keys over on the left.  See "Appendix
                    B.  User Definable Keys" on page 41 for a full list of
                    combinations.

                    Note: The following pairs of keys are considered
                    identical by T, so assigning a function to one will
                    also assign it to the other:
                        C-M and ENTER
                        C-[ and ESC
                        C-I and TAB
                        C-H and BACKSPACE
                        C-J and C-ENTER

        function    is one of the keyboard functions.  The full list of
                    keyboard functions is defined in "2.0 Keyboard
                    Functions" on page 24.

        character   is a single ASCII character.  This can either be
                    specified as the character itself in quotes, or using
                    the form:

             ASCII nnn

                    where nnn is the character's ASCII code point.  This
                    allows characters not normally present on the keyboard
                    (such as the box drawing characters) to be assigned to
                    keys.


        
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        4.1.3 SET COMMANDS

             SET item = value

        Set command allow customising of the special editor settings.
        These are described in detail in "3.0 Settings" on page 33.


        4.2 THE HELP AND USER FUNCTIONS

        The HELP and USER keyboard functions are rather special, and quite
        powerful features.  The HELP and USER functions work in an
        identical way, the fact that one is called "HELP" is only really to
        suggest a good use for the function; once you are familiar with the
        way T works you may decide you no longer really need a help system,
        and you can then use HELP for something else completely.

        The functions are defined by two items in the custom definition
        file.  Firstly the keyboard function is assigned to key, and
        secondly a Tcommand is assigned to the function.  For example:

             KEY F1 = HELP
             SET HELP COMMAND = "EDIT THELP.HLP"

        In this example the HELP keyboard function is assigned to the F1
        key, and the help function is assigned the command "EDIT
        THELP.HLP".

        When the HELP keyboard function is pressed (i.e. F1 is pressed)
        T will execute the HELP command, just as if it had been typed on
        the command line.  In this example it will therefore load and
        display a help file.

        The command that is assigned to the function can be any command
        that could be entered on the T command line, so some other useful
        applications might be:

        -  Use the standard T help file but locate it in the
           \EDITORS\T subdirectory on the C: drive:

             KEY F1 = HELP
             SET HELP COMMAND = "T C:\EDITORS\T\THELP.HLP"

        -  Set Alt-P to print the current document to COM1:

             KEY A-P = USER
             SET USER COMMAND = "PRINT COM1"

        -  Set Alt-H to invoke an external HELP program for a subject
           called "T":

             KEY A-H = HELP
             SET HELP COMMAND = "DOS HELP T"

        -  Set the F5 key to shell out to a DOS or OS/2 command prompt:

        
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        (C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1992
        
        
        
             KEY F5 = USER
             SET USER COMMAND = "DOS"



        4.3 THE ENHANCED KEYBOARD

        Most recent PCs and all PS/2s come with IBM's Enhanced Keyboard.
        This is the keyboard with twelve function keys arranged across the
        top and an extra set of cursor control keys between the typewriter
        keys and the numeric keypad.  Older PCs and some notebook style
        machines have a keyboard with just ten function keys.  To make use
        of the extra keys on the Enhanced Keyboard a program must work in a
        different way from that which was used to handle the old-style
        keyboards, if the old-style interface is used only the subset of
        keys present on the older keyboard will be recognised.  This is
        necessary to maintain compatibility with old programs.

        T attempts to determine which type of keyboard interface to use, so
        that if an Enhanced Keyboard is attached all its keys will be
        available.  However the tests used to decide which type of keyboard
        is present can be fooled by some non-IBM BIOSs, and by some older
        TSR programs that were created before the Enhanced Keyboard was
        available.  This usually shows up as a problem when the editor
        starts: the command line becomes full of a repeated character and
        the editor hangs.

        In situations like these you must force T to use the old keyboard
        interface by putting this line in your custom definition file:

             SET KEYBOARD = STANDARD

























        
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                                                  Part 2.  Editor Reference























































        
                                              Part 2.  Editor Reference  18


        (C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1992
        
        
        
        1.0 COMMANDS

        This section describes each of the commands that may be entered on
        the T command line.  In describing the syntax of the commands,
        upper-case letters are used for the command name and lower-case
        letters for any parameters you must supply.  Optional parameters
        are enclosed in angle brackets.  Commands may actually be entered
        in any mixture of upper- or lower-case.

        Where the parameters call for a filename enter any valid DOS or
        OS/2 file name.  This may include the drive letter and directory
        path if required; if none is given the current drive and directory
        will be used.  When using the OS/2 High Performance File System
        (HPFS) filenames are not limited to the DOS "8-dot-3" format and
        any upper- or lower-case characters used will be preserved.


        1.1 APPEND

             APPEND filename

        The currently marked lines are written to the file
        "filename".  The lines are added to the end of the file, preserving
        any former contents.  The file is created if it does not exist.


        1.2 CHANGE

             C /target/replacement</options>

        The next occurrence of the text "target" starting from the current
        cursor position, is located.  Then the message
        "Yes/No/Go/Last/Quit?" is displayed, to which you should reply with
        one of:

        Y   to change this instance of "target" into
            "replacement".  The next occurrence of "target" is then found
            and the process repeats.

        N   to not change this instance of "target", but to continue
            searching for the the next occurrence.

        G   to change this instance of "target" into
            "replacement" and then to change all further instances (until
            to end of the document) without further prompting.

        L   to change this instance of "target" into
            "replacement" and then to stop the command, so this becomes the
            last change made.

        Q   to stop the change command without making any further changes.

        The "/" character is a delimiter and it can be replaced with any
        character that does not occur in either the "target" or the
        "replacement".  Note that the delimiter is the first non-blank

        
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        (C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1992
        
        
        
        character following the C command.

        Following a final delimiter any of these options may be used:

        m   to restrict the changes to the marked lines only.

        *   to change all occurrences of "target" to
            "replacement" without prompting.

        Note: Change commands are always case-sensitive.


        1.3 DOS

             DOS <command>
         or  .<command>

        A secondary DOS or OS/2 shell is started to execute the
        "command".  A full stop, ".", may be used as a quick abbreviation
        for the word DOS.

        If no "command" is given the DOS or OS/2 command line prompt will
        appear.  You can return to T by entering the command EXIT.


        1.4 EDIT

             EDIT <filename>
         or  E <filename>
         or  T <filename>

        If a "filename" is given T will switch directly to display that
        document.  The file will be loaded from disk, if it is not already
        in the edit ring.

        If no "filename" is given the next document in the edit ring will
        be selected.


        1.5 FILE

             FILE <filename>
         or  F <filename>

        The current document will be saved to disk and then removed from
        the edit ring.  If a "filename" is given the document will be saved
        under this name, otherwise the name shown on the status line will
        be used.








        
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        1.6 GET

             GET filename

        The contents of "filename" will be inserted into the current
        document following the current line.


        1.7 GOTO

             GOTO linenum
         or  linenum

        Line number "linenum" will become the current line.  If
        "linenum" is bigger than the number of lines in the document the
        last line will become the current line.  The word GOTO is optional,
        just entering the required "linenum" on the command line is
        sufficient.


        1.8 LOCATE

             L /target</options>
         or  /target</options>

        The next occurrence of the text "target", starting from the current
        cursor position, will be located.  If the "L /target" form of the
        command is used the delimiter, "/", may be replaced by any
        character that does not occur in "target".

        Following a final delimiter any of these options may be used:

        m   to restrict the search to the marked lines only.

        e   to force an exact-case match.

        c   to force an any-case match.  (Apologies to non-English
            speakers: only the 26 letters "a" to "z" are correctly
            handled.)

        Note: if neither e nor c is given the editor's MATCH CASE setting
        is used.  This may be customised - refer to "4.0 Customising" on
        page 12 for more details.


        1.9 MARGIN

             MARGIN column
         or  MA column
         or  M column

        The right hand margin will be set to "column".  To remove the right
        hand margin enter a column value of zero.  The margin column is
        displayed on the status line in the form "M col".


        
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        (C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1992
        
        
        
        The margin is used by the word-spill features: as words are typed
        across the margin column they are automatically spilled onto the
        next line.  It is also used by the ADJUST LINE keyboard function
        (see "3.3 Word Processing" on page 9).


        1.10 NAME

             NAME <name>
         or  N <name>

        The current document will be renamed to "name".


        1.11 PRINT

             PRINT <device>

        The current document will be printed.  It is printed to the named
        "device", if one is specified, otherwise the device PRN is used.


        1.12 PUT

            PUT filename

        The currently marked lines will be written to the file
        "filename".  Any former contents of the file are lost.

        Note: The marked lines can be printed using the command PUT
        PRN.


        1.13 QUIT

             QUIT
         or  Q

        The current document will be removed from the edit ring.  It will
        not be saved to disk.  If any changes have been made, since the
        document was last saved, the message "Throw away changes? (y/n)" is
        displayed; hit either Y or N as appropriate.


        1.14 SAVE

             SAVE <filename>
         or  S <filename>

        The current document will be saved to disk.  If a
        "filename" is given the document will be saved under this name,
        otherwise the name shown on the status line will be used.




        
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        1.15 VERSION

             VER

        The T name and version number will be displayed.



















































        
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        (C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1992
        
        
        
        2.0 KEYBOARD FUNCTIONS

        This section describes each of the keyboard functionsthat are
        available to the editor.  Keyboard functions are invoked by
        pressing the key to which they have been assigned.  This assignment
        is made in a custom definition file using entries of the form:

             KEY key = function
         or  DEF key = function

        The descriptions which follow include the default key to which the
        function is assigned.


        2.1 ADJUST LINE

        Default key: Alt-A

        Adjusts the current line to the right hand margin setting.  If the
        line extends beyond the margin it is split; if it does not reach
        the margin it is filled with words from the next line.  If a split
        occurs and the special setting AUTOMATIC INDENT is ON (see "3.0
        Settings" on page 33), the split-off portion will align under the
        first non-blank character of the previous line.

        ADJUST LINE will ignore blank lines and, when a line is split, the
        cursor will move to the split-off portion.  This makes it
        particularly simple to re-adjust a paragraph after making changes
        or altering the right margin.


        2.2 BACKSPACE

        Default key: Backspace

        Deletes the character to the left of the cursor, and moves the
        cursor one character to the left.


        2.3 BACKTAB

        Default key: Shift-Tab

        Moves the cursor left to the previous tab stop.  Tab stops are
        defined by the special setting TAB SPACING (see "3.0 Settings" on
        page 33).


        2.4 BOTTOM OF FILE

        Default key: Ctrl-End

        Makes the current line the last line in the document, and positions
        this line at the bottom of the screen.


        
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        2.5 BOTTOM OF MARK

        Default key: Alt-E

        Makes the current line the last marked line.  If the marked lines
        are in a different document that document will become the current
        document.


        2.6 BOTTOM OF SCREEN

        Default key: Ctrl-PgDn

        Moves the cursor to the last line of the document on the screen.


        2.7 CLEAR MARK

        Default key: Alt-U

        Un-marks any marked lines.


        2.8 COMMAND TOGGLE

        Default key: Esc

        Switches the cursor between the command line and the data area.
        When the cursor is on the command line a shadow cursor marks the
        current position in the data.


        2.9 COPY MARK

        Default key: Alt-C

        Inserts a copy the marked lines following the current line.  If
        there are several documents in the edit ring this may be used to
        copy lines from one document to another.


        2.10 DELETE CHARACTER

        Default key: Del

        Deletes the character at the cursor.


        2.11 DELETE LINE

        Default key: Ctrl-Backspace

        Deletes the current line.



        
                                                     Keyboard Functions  25


        (C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1992
        
        
        
        2.12 DELETE MARK

        Default key: Alt-D

        Deletes the marked lines.


        2.13 DOWN

        Default key: Down

        Moves the cursor down one line.


        2.14 EDIT

        Default key: F8

        Switches to the command line and keys in the command EDIT, ready
        for you to enter a filename.


        2.15 END OF LINE

        Default key: End

        Moves the cursor to the position one character after the last
        character on the current line.


        2.16 ESCAPE

        Default key: Alt-X

        This allows the entry of any ASCII character from the keyboard.
        This is useful for entering, for example, printer control codes
        into a document.  The next character typed after the ESCAPE
        function is entered directly into the document.

        For example to enter an ASCII "Esc" character, press ESCAPE
        followed by the Esc key, or to enter an ASCII 255, press
        ESCAPE then press and hold the Alt key and type 2 5 5 on the
        numeric keypad then release the Alt key.

        Note: To enter an ASCII NUL (character code 0) use the Ctrl-2 key.


        2.17 FILE

        Default key: None

        Writes the current document to disk using the name shown on the
        status line, then removes the document from the edit ring.



        
                                                     Keyboard Functions  26


        (C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1992
        
        
        
        2.18 HELP

        Default key: F1

        Causes the command specified by the special setting HELP COMMAND
        (see "3.0 Settings" on page 33) to be executed.  Refer to "4.2 The
        HELP and USER Functions" on page 16 for more details about using
        the HELP function.


        2.19 INSERT LINE

        Default key: Ctrl-Enter

        Inserts a new blank line following the current line.  If the
        special setting AUTOMATIC INDENT is ON the cursor will be aligned
        under the first non-blank character of the preceding line.


        2.20 INSERT TOGGLE

        Default key: Ins

        Toggles the editor between "insert" and "replace" modes.  The shape
        of the cursor and the Rep/Ins indicator on the status line show
        which mode is active.


        2.21 JOIN LINE

        Default key: Alt-J

        Joins together the current line and the following line.  The lines
        are joined with a single blank between them.


        2.22 LEFT

        Default key: Left

        Moves the cursor one character to the left.


        2.23 MARK LEFT

        Default key: Alt-F7

        The marked lines are shifted one character to the left.  Any
        characters moved to the left of column one are lost.







        
                                                     Keyboard Functions  27


        (C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1992
        
        
        
        2.24 MARK LINE

        Default key: Alt-L

        Marks one or more lines thus:

        -  If no lines are marked the current line only is marked.

        -  If one or more lines are already marked and the current line is
           outside the mark, the mark is extended to include the current
           line.

        -  If one or more lines are already marked and the current line is
           inside the mark, the mark is shrunk so the current line becomes
           the bottom of the mark.



        2.25 MARK RIGHT

        Default key: Alt-F8

        The marked lines are shifted one character to the right.  Any
        characters moved to the right of column 255 are lost.


        2.26 MOVE MARK

        Default key: Alt-M

        Moves the marked lines so they come after the current line.  If
        there are several documents in the edit ring this may be used to
        move lines from one document to another.


        2.27 NAME

        Default key: F7

        Switches to the command line and keys in the command NAME, ready
        for you to enter a new document name.


        2.28 NEW LINE

        Default key: Enter

        If in "insert" mode this will perform an INSERT LINEfunction, if in
        "replace" mode it will perform a NEXT LINE function.







        
                                                     Keyboard Functions  28


        (C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1992
        
        
        
        2.29 NEXT FILE

        Default key: F10

        Makes the next document in the edit ring the current document.


        2.30 NEXT LINE

        Default key: None

        Moves the cursor to the start of the next line in the document.


        2.31 NEXT WORD

        Default key: Ctrl-Right

        Moves the cursor to the first character of the next word on the
        line.  A word is considered to be sequence of non-blank characters.


        2.32 NOTHING

        This function does nothing.  It is used when customising the editor
        to remove the default function from a key.


        2.33 PAGE DOWN

        Default key: PgDn

        Scrolls the current document down by one screen-full.


        2.34 PAGE UP

        Default key: PgUp

        Scrolls the current document up by one screen-full.


        2.35 PREVIOUS FILE

        Default keys: F11 and Alt-F10

        Makes the previous document in the edit ring the current document.


        2.36 PREVIOUS WORD

        Default key: Ctrl-Left

        Moves the cursor to the first character of the previous word on the
        line.  A word is considered to be sequence of non-blank characters.

        
                                                     Keyboard Functions  29


        (C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1992
        
        
        
        2.37 QUIT

        Default key: F3

        Removes the current document from the edit ring.  If changes have
        been made to the document since it was last saved the message
        "Throw away changes? (y/n)" is displayed; hit either Y or N as
        appropriate.


        2.38 REPEAT FIND

        Default key: Alt-F

        Repeats the last LOCATE command that was issued.


        2.39 REPEAT LINE

        Default key: Alt-R

        Inserts a copy of the current line immediately following the
        current line.


        2.40 RIGHT

        Default key: Right

        Moves the cursor one character to the right.


        2.41 SAFE FILE

        Default key: F4

        If the document has changed this performs the FILEfunction, if the
        document has not changed it performs a QUIT.


        2.42 SAVE

        Default key: F2

        Writes the current document to disk under the name shown on the
        status line.


        2.43 SCROLL DOWN

        Default key: Shift-F4

        Scrolls the entire screen down by one line.



        
                                                     Keyboard Functions  30


        (C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1992
        
        
        
        2.44 SCROLL LEFT

        Default key: Shift-F1

        Scrolls the entire screen left by one character.


        2.45 SCROLL RIGHT

        Default key: Shift-F2

        Scrolls the entire screen right by one character.


        2.46 SCROLL UP

        Default key: Shift-F3

        Scrolls the entire screen up by one line.


        2.47 SPLIT LINE

        Default key: Alt-S

        Splits the current line into two at the cursor position.  If the
        special setting AUTOMATIC INDENT is ON the split-off portion aligns
        under the first non-blank character of the preceding line.


        2.48 START OF LINE

        Default key: Home

        Moves the cursor to the beginning of the current line.


        2.49 TAB

        Default key: Tab

        Moves the cursor right to the next tab stop.  Tab stops are defined
        by the special setting TAB SPACING (see "3.0 Settings" on page 33).


        2.50 TOP OF FILE

        Default key: Ctrl-Home

        Makes the current line the first line in the document, and
        positions this line at the top of the screen.





        
                                                     Keyboard Functions  31


        (C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1992
        
        
        
        2.51 TOP OF MARK

        Default key: Alt-Y

        Makes the current line the first marked line.  If the marked lines
        are in a different document that document will become the current
        document.


        2.52 TOP OF SCREEN

        Default key: Ctrl-PgUp

        Moves the cursor to the first line of the document on the screen.


        2.53 TRUNCATE LINE

        Default keys: Alt-T and Ctrl-Del

        Deletes all the characters on the current line to the right of the
        cursor.


        2.54 UNDO

        Default key: F9

        Provides a very limited error recovery.  Any changes made to the
        current line since the last keyboard function was executed are
        undone.


        2.55 UP

        Default key: Up

        Moves the cursor up one line.


        2.56 USER

        Default key: F5

        Causes the command specified by the special setting USER COMMAND
        (see "3.0 Settings" on page 33) to be executed.  Refer to "4.2 The
        HELP and USER Functions" on page 16 for more information about the
        USER function.








        
                                                     Keyboard Functions  32


        (C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1992
        
        
        
        3.0 SETTINGS

        This section describes each of the special settings that may be
        defined when customising the editor.  These are entered in a custom
        definition file using entries of the form:

             SET item = value



        3.1 AUTOMATIC INDENT

             SET AUTOMATIC INDENT = ON
         or  SET AUTOMATIC INDENT = OFF

        This defines what the cursor will do when a new line is inserted.
        If it is set ON the cursor will be automatically indented so it
        aligns under the first non-blank character of the preceding line.
        If it is set OFF the cursor will always move the the left hand
        edge.

        The action of word-spill and the functions SPLIT LINE and ADJUST
        LINE are also affected by this setting.


        3.2 CGA SNOW

             SET CGA SNOW = AUTOMATIC
         or  SET CGA SNOW = ON
         or  SET CGA SNOW = OFF

        The old CGA card for the PC can produce "snow" on the display if
        the display is updated at the wrong times.  This can be eliminated
        but at the expense of slowing down scrolling speed.  When set to
        AUTOMATIC T will look for the presence of the old CGA card and if
        it finds one it will ensure the snow does not occur.

        The test to detect the CGA may give incorrect results on some
        machines (possibly on PCJrs or 3270PCs) and may be unnecessary on
        some clone machines so the function can be explicitly set ON or
        OFF.

        This setting is irrelevant for all more recent display cards (EGAs,
        VGAs, etc.) since these do not suffer from the "snow" problem.


        3.3 COMMAND RECALL

             SET COMMAND RECALL = number

        This specifies how many previous command line commands will be kept
        available for recall by the cursor up and cursor down keys.  Any
        number up to 255 may be kept; specifying zero disables the command
        recall feature.


        
                                                               Settings  33


        (C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1992
        
        
        
        For example:

             SET COMMAND RECALL = 10



        3.4 COMMAND TOGGLE

             SET COMMAND TOGGLE = DATA
         or  SET COMMAND TOGGLE = COMMAND

        This determines whether, when a new document is loaded, the cursor
        starts in the data area or on the command line.


        3.5 EXACT MATCH

             SET EXACT MATCH = ON
         or  SET EXACT MATCH = OFF

        This determines whether, by default, LOCATE commands take account
        of upper and lower case during searching.  If set ON the search
        must match exactly, if set OFF upper and lower case are considered
        identical.  The default can always be overridden with the locate
        command options "e" or "c".

        Note: Exact case match searches are very much faster and would be
        preferable when searching large documents.


        3.6 FINAL EOF

             SET FINAL EOF = ON
         or  SET FINAL EOF = OFF

        If set ON all files written to disk are terminated with a
        hexadecimal 1A end-of-file character.  If set OFF this character is
        not written.


        3.7 HELP COMMAND

             SET HELP COMMAND = command

        The "command" should be a enclosed in single or double quotes.  It
        is the T command that will be executed when the HELPkeyboard
        function is pressed.  Any valid T command can given.

        For example:

             SET HELP COMMAND = "T THELP.HLP"





        
                                                               Settings  34


        (C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1992
        
        
        
        3.8 HELP LINE

             SET HELP LINE = text

        The "text" should be enclosed in single or double quotes.  It is
        the text that will be displayed on the bottom line of the screen
        when there are no messages.

        For example:

             SET HELP LINE = "F1=Help F2=Save F3=Quit"



        3.9 INSERT TOGGLE

             SET INSERT TOGGLE = REPLACE
         or  SET INSERT TOGGLE = INSERT

        This determines whether T initially starts up in "insert" or
        "replace" mode.


        3.10 KEYBOARD

             SET KEYBOARD = AUTOMATIC
         or  SET KEYBOARD = STANDARD

        If set to AUTOMATIC T will test if an Enhanced Keyboard (with 12
        F-keys) is installed and if it finds one it will automatically make
        use of it.

        If set to STANDARD T will assume the keyboard is an old style
        keyboard (with 10 F-keys).  This provides compatibility with some
        clone BIOSs and with some older TSR programs, but loses the ability
        to use the newer keys like F11 and F12.  See "4.3 The Enhanced
        Keyboard" on page 17 for more details.


        3.11 MARGIN

             SET MARGIN = column
         or  SET MARGIN = OFF

        This sets an initial right hand margin column.  See "3.3 Word
        Processing" on page 9 for details about the function of the margin.


        3.12 TAB EXPAND

             SET TAB EXPAND = ON
         or  SET TAB EXPAND = OFF

        This setting determines how T will treat tab characters in
        documents that are read from disk.  If set ON tabs will be expanded

        
                                                               Settings  35


        (C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1992
        
        
        
        with spaces up to the next tab stop (as determined by the TAB
        SPACING setting).  If set OFF tabs are treated just like any other
        character.

        Note: If set ON the tabs are expanded to spaces as the document is
        loaded from disk and are then discarded.  If the document is saved
        it will not contain the original tab characters.


        3.13 TAB SPACING

             SET TAB SPACING = number

        Tabs are equally spaced across the document starting from column 1.
        The spacing is set with this option.

        For example:

             SET TAB SPACING = 8



        3.14 USER COMMAND

             SET USER COMMAND = command

        The "command" should be enclosed in single or double quotes.  It is
        the T command that will be executed when the USERkeyboard function
        is pressed.  Any valid T command can given.

        For example:

             SET USER COMMAND = "DOS"























        
                                                               Settings  36


        (C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1992
        
        
        
        APPENDIX A.  MESSAGES

        This section provides a list of all the messages that T produces.
        It gives the reasons for each message and the action that should be
        taken.

        Except where noted these messages will all be displayed in the
        editor's message line and will be removed at the next keystroke.

        Cannot open file

        T is unable to open the requested disk file.  Normally this means
        that the filename is invalid for some reason, perhaps it contains
        characters not valid in a file name, or perhaps it conflicts with
        the name of a device or directory already on the disk.

        On a diskette system it may also indicate that the diskette drive
        is not ready, perhaps it does not contain a diskette or the drive
        door is open.

        Cannot invoke DOS

        The DOS command was unable to start up a secondary DOS or OS/2
        command processor.  Normally this indicates that there is not
        enough free memory, you will have to remove some documents from the
        ring if you want to issue the DOS command.

        If you believe there is enough free memory and the problem still
        exists it may be that DOS cannot locate the command processor.
        From the DOS prompt issue the command SET; you should see a series
        of lines one of which is of this form indicating where your copy of
        COMMAND.COM is located:

             COMSPEC=d:\path\COMMAND.COM

        If this is not present you may need to add a SET
        COMSPEC=xxxxxx line to your AUTOEXEC.BAT file.

        Disk error - file NOT saved

        An error occurred while a document was being written to disk.
        Normally this means the disk became full while the file was being
        written.  You should save the file to another disk, one that has
        enough free space.

        Error reading file

        An error occurred while a document was being read from disk.  This
        is rare error and might indicate there are problems with the disk.

        File not found

        You attempted to GET a file that does not exist.  Check the
        spelling of the filename, maybe the file you want is not in the
        current directory and so needs a drive and/or directory path

        
                                                  Appendix A.  Messages  37


        (C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1992
        
        
        
        pre-pended to it.

        Line(s) split

        The file you attempted to load has lines longer than 255
        characters.  T cannot handle lines longer than 255 characters and
        so has to split them.  Normally this indicates you have attempted
        to edit a file that is not a text file, perhaps it is a program or
        data file in some internal format.  Files of this sort should not
        be edited with T - you should QUIT straight away, without saving.

        Loading...

        Displays while a document is being loaded from disk.

        Mark already set

        You tried to mark a line, but a mark already exists in another
        document in the ring, only one document at a time may contain a
        mark.  If you no longer require the other mark first press the
        CLEAR MARK function.

        New file

        You asked to edit a document that does not exist on disk.  T has
        created a new empty document.

        No filename given

        The commands GET, PUT and APPEND must have a filename parameter
        specified.

        No marked block

        The commands PUT and APPEND work on the currently marked lines.
        Some lines must be marked if the command is used.

        No match found

        The "target" specified in a LOCATE or CHANGE command cannot be
        found.  Remember that these commands only search from the current
        position forwards to the end of the document.  To search from the
        top first press the TOP OF FILE function.

        No room to join

        A JOIN function cannot work if the resulting line would be longer
        than 255 characters.  This message can also occur when using the
        ADJUST LINEfunction, which internally makes a call to JOIN.

        Not enough memory for T

        This message is printed by DOS if, when T is first loaded, there is
        not enough free memory get it started.  This can happen if you have
        a lot of TSR type programs loaded or if you are nested inside

        
                                                  Appendix A.  Messages  38


        (C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1992
        
        
        
        several other applications.

        Out of memory

        T has run out of memory, you should save one or more of the
        documents in the ring to make space before continuing.  Most
        T commands and functions have no effect while the "Out of
        memory" condition exists.

        Press any key to continue

        This message is printed by the secondary DOS or OS/2 command shell
        started by the DOS command.  It is produced just before the command
        shell returns to T, and allows you some time to read whatever
        output is on the screen.

        Printer not ready

        The PRINT command could not complete correctly.  This may mean the
        printer is not turned on or set online, or it is not connected, or
        that it has run out of paper.  Or any number of other reasons that
        cause printers to fail.

        Printing...

        Displays while a document is being printed.

        Saving...

        Displays while a document is being saved.

        Source & destination conflict

        You cannot move or copy marked lines on top of themselves.  Move
        the cursor out of the marked area any try again.

        T needs DOS v2.00 or later

        This message is printed by DOS versions below 2.00 if an attempt is
        made to run T, which requires at least DOS 2.00.

        Throw away changes? (y/n)

        You tried to QUIT a document that has been changed since it was
        last saved.  This message gives you a chance to save changes if the
        QUIT was selected accidentally.

        Type a character...

        The ESCAPE function takes the next character entered on the
        keyboard as an absolute ASCII code and enters it into the document.
        While ESCAPE is waiting for this character it displays a message.

        Unknown command


        
                                                  Appendix A.  Messages  39


        (C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1992
        
        
        
        You entered a command on the command line that is not a T command.
        Check the spelling of the command, or precede it by the word DOS
        (or a full stop) if it is a DOS or OS/2 command rather than a
        T command.

        This message is also produced by the GOTO and MARGIN commands if
        the parameter specified is not numeric.

        Yes/No/Go/Last/Quit?

        The CHANGE command issues this message when it finds its
        "target" text.  Refer to "1.2 CHANGE" on page 19 for details of the
        CHANGE command.











































        
                                                  Appendix A.  Messages  40


        (C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1992
        
        
        
        APPENDIX B.  USER DEFINABLE KEYS

        This section lists all the valid names and combinations of the user
        definable keys that can be entered in a custom definition file.

        Keys marked with an asterisk (*) are only available with the
        Enhanced Keyboard.

        -------------------------------------------------------------------
          Table 1. Unshifted Keys
          Esc           Enter        Tab          Backspace              
          F1            F2           F3           F4           F5        
          F6            F7           F8           F9           F10       
          F11(*)        F12(*)                                           
          Home          End          PgUp         PgDn                   
          Left          Right        Up           Down                   
          Ins           Del          Pad5(*)                             
                                                                         
        -------------------------------------------------------------------

        -------------------------------------------------------------------
          Table 2. Shift Keys
          s-Tab                                                          
          s-F1          s-F2         s-F3         s-F4         s-F5      
          s-F6          s-F7         s-F8         s-F9         s-F10     
          s-F11(*)      s-F12(*)                                         
                                                                         
        -------------------------------------------------------------------

        -------------------------------------------------------------------
          Table 3. Ctrl Keys
          c-Enter       c-Tab(*)     c-Backspace                          
          c-a           c-b          c-c          c-d          c-e       
          c-f           c-g          c-h          c-i          c-j       
          c-k           c-l          c-m          c-n          c-o       
          c-p           c-q          c-r          c-s          c-t       
          c-u           c-v          c-w          c-x          c-y       
          c-z                                                            
          c-2           c-6                                              
          c-F1          c-F2         c-F3         c-F4         c-F5      
          c-F6          c-F7         c-F8         c-F9         c-F10     
          c-F11(*)      c-F12(*)                                         
          c-Home        c-End        c-PgUp       c-PgDn                 
          c-Left        c-Right      c-Up(*)      c-Down(*)              
          c-Ins(*)      c-Del(*)     c-Pad5(*)                           
          c--           c-[          c-]          c-\                    
                                                                         
        -------------------------------------------------------------------








        
                                       Appendix B.  User Definable Keys  41


        (C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1992
        
        
        
        -------------------------------------------------------------------
          Table 4. Alt Keys
          a-Enter(*)    a-Tab(*)     a-Backspace(*)                          
          a-a           a-b          a-c          a-d          a-e       
          a-f           a-g          a-h          a-i          a-j       
          a-k           a-l          a-m          a-n          a-o       
          a-p           a-q          a-r          a-s          a-t       
          a-u           a-v          a-w          a-x          a-y       
          a-z                                                            
          a-1           a-2          a-3          a-4          a-5       
          a-6           a-7          a-8          a-9          a-0       
          a-F1          a-F2         a-F3         a-F4         a-F5      
          a-F6          a-F7         a-F8         a-F9         a-F10     
          a-F11(*)      a-F12(*)                                         
          a-Home(*)     a-End(*)     a-PgUp(*)    a-PgDn(*)              
          a-Left(*)     a-Right(*)   a-Up(*)      a-Down(*)              
          a-Ins(*)      a-Del(*)                                         
          a--           a-=                                              
                                                                         
        -------------------------------------------------------------------




































        
                                       Appendix B.  User Definable Keys  42


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        ===================================================================

        (C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1992










































                                                        Printed in the U.K.