For standard (non-DVD) CDs, the volume label appears to be on the 64th, 512-byte block
in byte positions 41-68 (I'm not sure how long it's allowed to be).

  This ugly incantation will read a non-DVD CD's label from /dev/cd0 and print it.

dd if=/dev/cd0 count=1 skip=64 2>/dev/null | od -tc -j40 -N16 | head -1 |  \
cut -c12,16,20,24,28,32,36,40,44,48,52,56,60,64,68,72 | sed 's/ *$//'

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  For a DVD, you need to install a DVD drive and have some kind of special DVD drive
device driver.

  One could use iXOS/Jukeman for that driver, and it will read the DVD label for you and
create that directory under /cdrom, so you don't have to do it.  The above incantation
using dd to read from the raw device, doesn't appear to work for iXOS-controlled drives.

  If one were to get another DVD device driver (Tracer?), you'd have to see how that
driver works.  I've never had the chance to play with it.